1946 to 1964
1946 - Executive Order 9808 : First President's Committee on Civil Rights Established
July 26, 1948 - President Truman Orders Integration of U.S. Armed Services
In 1948, President Truman ordered the integration of the U.S. Armed Forces, an early step in bridging the military's racial divide.
Know the history behind the desegregation of the U.S. Military
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Why did Truman desegregate the military?
Truman's decision to desegregate the military was not an easy one. President Harry Truman would challenge The Jim Crow laws and give the Civil Rights Movement momentum. This is surprising given his prior personal history. Truman proves that positive change can come from an unlikely source. Dr. Byrd uses this lesson from history as a reminder and to offer some hope to those who may feel dismayed by the outcome of the 2016 Presidential Election or any future election that does not go their way. For more information, check out these resources (Affiliate): Truman by David McCullough: https://amzn.to/2KLXMkx Segregated Soldiers: Military Training at Historically Black Colleges in the Jim Crow South by Marcus S. Cox: https://amzn.to/2jNjVT1 The Man Called Brown Condor: The Forgotten History of an African American Fighter Pilot: https://amzn.to/2G4jGMe The Divided Skies: Establishing Segregated Flight Training at Tuskegee, Alabama, 1934-1942 by Robert J. Jakeman: https://amzn.to/2jO5le2
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April 15, 1947 - Breaking the Color Line in Baseball
Jackie RobinsonHistory through Hollywood
42 (2013)
In 1947, Jackie Robinson becomes the first African-American to play in Major League Baseball in the modern era when he was signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers and faces considerable racism in the process. Director: Brian Helgeland Writer: Brian Helgeland Stars: Chadwick Boseman, T.R. Knight, Harrison Ford Jackie Robinson: The First African American to Play in the MLB | Mini Bio | BIO
While serving in the military, Jackie Robinson was arrested for refusing to move to the back of a segregated bus. In 1947, he made history when his debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers ended racial segregation in Major League Baseball. #Biography #JackieRobinson
The Jackie Robinson Story (1950) | Ruby Dee
The Jackie Robinson Story is a 1950 biographical film directed by Alfred E. Green (who had directed The Jolson Story, "one of the biggest hits of the 40s")[3] and starring Jackie Robinson as himself. The film focuses on Robinson's struggle with the abuse of bigots as he becomes the first African-American Major League Baseball player of the modern era. The film is among the list of films in the public domain in the United States.
Jackie Robinson's Speech - October 15, 1972
In his final public appearance, Jackie Robinson spoke of his hopes for the future of baseball ahead of the second game of the 1972 World Series between the A's and Reds. He knew then, as we know now, that there is still work to be done. / Check out http://m.mlb.com/video for our full archive of videos, and subscribe on YouTube for the best, exclusive MLB content: http://youtube.com/MLB
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Larry DobyLarry Doby Biography
A Brief Biography on Negro League Great Larry Doby
Larry Doby: More Than Second
Larry Doby may have been the second African-American to play Major League Baseball and the second African-American manager of an MLB team, but he was much more than that. Tonight we celebrate a man who was more than second. Join us for Larry Doby Night presented by Enbridge.
Larry Doby delivers Hall of Fame induction speech
Larry Doby delivers his speech after being inducted into the Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1998
Larry Doby talks about the importance of being respected.
http://www.argentaimages.com Larry Doby, the first African American to play in the American League, talks about the importance of being respected. Doby only respected the people who treated him with respect.
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1948 - Executive Order 9981:
Desegregation of the Armed Forces
July 26, 1948 - President Truman Orders Integration of U.S. Armed Services
In 1948, President Truman ordered the integration of the U.S. Armed Forces, an early step in bridging the military's racial divide.
Executive Order 9981: Desegregating U.S. Armed Forces | History
Signed by President Harry Truman on July 26, 1948, Executive Order 9981 abolished racial discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces.
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Know the history behind the desegregation of the U.S. Military
President Truman Desegregates the Military (1948)
Executive Order 9981 was an executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services.
''A. Phillip Randolph''/Feb. 5, 1996
Description: "For Jobs & Freedom".WKBC TV 15 Louisville, KY. PBS. Happy MLK day people. When I listen to Bernie Sanders I hear "APR". Rep. John Lewis said: "If "APR" had been white he would've been President". Enjoy!!!
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1950 - Ralph Bunche
First African-American Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
Ralph Bunche: Hero for Peace
A changemaker who was the first African American to win the Nobel Peace Prize, Ralph Bunche is considered the ‘Father of Peacekeeping’ for his contributions to the United Nations. And yet his is not a name many would recognise.
The legacy of Ralph Bunche, in his own words
To tell the story of his views on peace and social justice, four UCLA faculty read from Ralph J. Bunche speeches, given throughout his lifetime. Learn more: https://ucla.in/2OBpA0J
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Character Sketches: Ralph Bunche
United Nations - Some highlights from the career of Ralph Bunche, the American politician and diplomat who served as the UN Mediator on Palestine. He was awarded with Nobel Peace Prize
Ralph Bunche Story told by Walter Mosley
The story of Ralph Bunche told through The Honorable Assemblyman Walter T. Mosley, recipient of the Ralph Bunche Award that recognizes African American activists who have demonstrated significant leadership in advancing the U.S. – Israel relationship as well as critical issues affecting our communities here at home. For a complete transcript, visit http://bit.ly/2Igy8Ch
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May 17, 1954 - Brown v Board of Education
May 17, 1954 - Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education marks 63 years today. The landmark decision declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. In this edition of Moments in Civil Rights History, a collaboration of Comcast and the Equal Justice Initiative, "separate but equal" suffers a major setback, while the fight for racial equity in the United States takes a meaningful step forward.
SHOW LESS Brown v. Board of Education | BRI's Homework Help Series
Brown v. Board of Education was a case brought to the Supreme Court in 1954 after Linda Brown, an African American student in Kansas, was denied access to the white-only schools nearby her house. Future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall was the lawyer for the case, and argued that segregated schools were inherently unequal. Ultimately, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Linda Brown and declared segregation unconstitutional. This is one of the landmark cases that led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. For Lessons to go along with this video, check out the links below: Click here for a lesson on the Brown v. Board of Education case. http://voicesofhistory.org/supreme-co...
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Brown v. Board at 65: A Promise Unfulfilled
Today is the 65th Anniversary of the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Brown v Board, but America’s public schools are more segregated now than at any time since the 1960s. How did we get here? What do we do know?
SHOW LESS Thurgood Marshall and Brown v. Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall was a pioneering civil rights attorney who won the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, helping to end segregation in American schools.
A Conversation on the Constitution: Brown v. Board of Education
www.annenbergclassroom.org – Supreme Court Justices Stephen G. Breyer, Sandra Day O’Connor and Anthony M. Kennedy discuss with high school students the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education that ended racial segregation in schools. They explore the background of the case, the role of Thurgood Marshall, how Brown v. Board of Education was decided, and the events following the unanimous ruling that said that “separate education facilities are inherently unequal.”
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1955-1956 - Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
The 1955-1956 Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sixty years ago today, Rosa Parks and 17,000 boycotters celebrated victory when the Supreme Court ruled public bus segregation unconstitutional. That decision came nearly a year after Parks' courageous stand against discrimination on a Montgomery, Ala., bus — an action that united members of the community and reshaped the nation. In this edition of Moments in Civil Rights History, we meet a young Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who led the boycott with persistence in the face of relentless harassment, intimidation and violence.
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott: 60 Years Later - Fast Facts | History
On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, AL and sparked the American Civil Rights movement of the 20th century. #Biography
Montgomery Bus Boycott |American Freedom Stories | Biography
For 382 days, almost the entire African-American population of Montgomery, Alabama, including leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, refused to ride on segregated buses, a turning point in the American civil rights movement.
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Rosa Parks - Civil Rights Activist | Mini Bio | BIO
Civil rights activist Rosa Parks (February 4, 1913 to October 24, 2005) refused to surrender her seat to a white passenger on a segregated Montgomery, Alabama bus, which spurred on the 381-day Montgomery Bus Boycott that helped launch nationwide efforts to end segregation of public facilities. The city of Montgomery had no choice but to lift the law requiring segregation on public buses. Rosa Parks received many accolades during her lifetime, including the NAACP's highest award.
TED: The real story of Rosa Parks -- and why we need to confront myths about black history | David Ikard
Visit http://TED.com to get our entire library of TED Talks, transcripts, translations, personalized talk recommendations and more. Black history taught in US schools is often watered-down, riddled with inaccuracies and stripped of its context and rich, full-bodied historical figures. Equipped with the real story of Rosa Parks, professor David Ikard highlights how making the realities of race more benign and digestible harms us all -- and emphasizes the power and importance of historical accuracy.
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Martin Luther King (1929-1968)
Martin Luther King, Jr. - Minister & Civil Rights Activist | Biography
Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and civil-rights activist who had a seismic impact on race relations in the United States, playing a pivotal role in ending the legal segregation of African-American citizens in the United States, and the creation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. #Biography
Martin Luther King, Jr - The Other America (1967)
By 1967, war, racism, and poverty had become the dominant issues confronting America and the Freedom Movement. On April 4, Dr. King forcefully speaks out against the Vietnam War with "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence," delivered at Riverside Church in New York City. Ten days later, in a speech at Stanford University titled "The Other America," Dr. King addresses race, poverty and economic justice. (At various times in 1967 and '68 he gave slightly different versions of "The Other America" to other audiences. - www.crmvet.org
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The Best of Martin Luther King Jr. Compilation
"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that." - MLK
Martin Luther King Jr. “I've Been to the Mountaintop” - April 3, 1968 - Final Famous Speech
MLK's Final, Great Speech... delivered April 3, 1968 at Mason Temple in Memphis, Tennessee.
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May 26, 1956 - Althea Gibson, First African American Tennis Champion
Althea Gibson: First Black Tennis Champion - Fast Facts | History
Althea Gibson was a trailblazer in the enormously segregated sport of tennis. Find out more about her achievements and influence in this video. Explore the life of Althea Gibson: http://www.history.com/topics/black-h... Listen to live coverage of Gibson's '57 Wimbledon victory: http://www.history.com/topics/black-h... This Day in History: July 6, 1957: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-hi...
Althea Gibson: She Always Wanted To Be Somebody | Join The Story, Episode One
Althea Gibson broke tennis' colour barrier in the 1950s. With help from Venus Williams and some of Althea's friends, we relive the forgotten story of a the two-time Wimbledon champion in Episode One of #JoinTheStory...
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Althea Gibson's 1957 Wimbledon Win - Decades TV Network
Althea Gibson became the first African-American tennis player to win Wimbledon in 1957. Her strength and speed allowed her to dominate the courts. Gibson's journey from pioneer to champion began in 1956 when she won the French Open. She won both Wimbledon and a U.S. National Championship two years in a row.
AMERICAN MASTERS | Althea Gibson - Preview | PBS
Watch the full-length episode at http://video.pbs.org/video/2365552987... (US Only) American Masters: Althea premieres nationwide Friday, September 4, 9-10:30 p.m. on PBS (check local listings). #AltheaPBS Discover the story of Althea Gibson (1927-2003), a truant from the rough streets of Harlem, who emerged as the unlikely queen of the highly segregated tennis world in the 1950s. Bringing a fierce athleticism to the game, she was the first African American to play and win at Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals (precursor of the U.S. Open) — a decade before Arthur Ashe. Gibson’s life and achievements transcend sports, and are part of African-American history. The documentary explores Gibson’s roots as a sharecropper’s daughter, her family’s migration north to Harlem in the 30s, and her mentoring from boxer Sugar Ray Robinson, former New York City Mayor David Dinkins and others. Interviewees include Dinkins, Wimbledon champion Dick Savitt and Billie Jean King, who also serves as one of the film’s executive producers. Produced and directed by Rex Miller (A Chef’s Life, Private Violence). Watch more: www.pbs.org/americanmasters
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1957 - Desegregation of Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas
60 Years On, A Look Back at the Little Rock Nine
60 years ago, nine black students were escorted by federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas' Central High School to integrate the school. Ernest Green, the first African American to graduate from Central, spoke to the AP about his experience. (Sept. 25)
Operation Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas
National Archives Identifier: 27641 Local Identifier: 111-LC-41033 https://catalog.archives.gov/id/27641
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60 Years Ago: Pres. Eisenhower on Little Rock School Integration 9-24-1957
President Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to enforce the Brown v Board of education Supreme Court decision.
The Little Rock Nine Come Face-To-Face With Their Tormentors | The Oprah Winfrey Show | OWN
In the late 50's, the nine black teenagers who were sent to integrate the Little Rock Central High School endured relentless bullying, threats and violence from many of their white classmates. Nearly 40 years later, in a groundbreaking episode of "The Oprah Show," some of the white students who admitted they harassed the Little Rock Nine Came forward. Look back as the tormentors apologize for their participation, in one form or another, in the racism and hatred. For more on #oprahwinfreyshow, visit WatchOWN.tv/TOWS
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1957 - Civil Rights Act
Little Rock, 1957 - Civil Rights Battleground
Eisenhower acts to enforce the rule of law by sending Federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, where a violent mob has prevented the integration of Central High School.
6. 1957 Civil Rights Act
A short video summarising the 1957 Civil Rights Act
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“LBJ and the Civil Rights Act of 1957” Sean J. Savage, Saint Maryʼs College
Louisiana State University Shreveport International Lincoln Center Great Legislators/Great Legislation Conference
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1960 - Greensboro Woolworth Sit-In
Legacy Of The Greensboro Four
As Barack Obama prepares to become the first African American U.S. president, Russ Mitchell profiles four you men who stood up for their rights at the height of the Civil Rights Movement.
Reflections on the Greensboro Lunch Counter
Civil Rights activists Joseph McNeil, Diane Nash, and John Lewis reflect on the history and legacy of the lunch counter from the F. W. Woolworth department store in North Carolina and the sit-in campaign that began on February 1, 1960. Racial segregation was still legal in the United States on February 1, 1960, when four African American college students sat down at this Woolworth counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Politely asking for service at this “whites only” counter, their request was refused. When asked to leave, they remained in their seats. Their sit-in drew national attention and helped ignite a youth-led movement to challenge inequality throughout the South. In Greensboro, hundreds of students, civil rights organizations, churches, and members of the community joined in a six-month-long protest. Their commitment ultimately led to the desegregation of the F. W. Woolworth lunch counter on July 25, 1960.
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Seizing Justice: The Greensboro 4 (Full Episode)
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September 11, 1960 - Wilma Rudolph, First African American and American Woman to Win 3 Gold Medals in a single Olympics
Wilma Rudolph - The First American Woman to Win 3 Gold Medals at a Single Olympics | Mini Bio | BIO
Born in 1940 in Tennessee, Wilma Rudolph was a sickly child who overcame her disabilities through physical therapy and hard work, becoming a gifted runner. Rudolph became the first American woman to win three gold medals at a single Olympics in 1960.
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Wilma Rudolph Beats Polio To Become Olympic Champion - Rome 1960 Olympics
Follow the amazing story of the USA's Wilma Rudolph who overcame polio to win the women's 100m and 200m events at the Rome 1960 Olympic Games.
Wilma Rudolph's Incredible Career | Olympic Records
A look back at the career of Wilma Rudolph and her remarkable gold medal haul in the 1960 Rome Games as part of our Olympic Records series.
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1961 - Freedom Riders
The Freedom Riders History
Read more at http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history... In the spring of 1961, black and white civil rights activists rode buses to protest the segregationist policies of the Deep South (Marian Holmes, Brian Wolly, Photos courtesy of Corbis, Getty Images and Library of Congress, Audio clips courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways).
SHOW LESS The Freedom Riders In Anniston Alabama: Hank Thomas | MLK | TIME
Freedom Rider Hank Thomas shares his story of riding the bus from Anniston Alabama, challenging the segregation laws at the time.
AMERICAN EXPERIENCE: Freedom Riders: The Young Witness
Janie Forsyth McKinney was twelve years old when the Freedom Riders came through her hometown of Anniston, Alabama, on May 14, 1961. After local Klan members firebombed the bus, McKinney assisted injured riders. Watch the broadcast premiere of FREEDOM RIDERS on Monday, May 16th, 2011 at 9/8c (check your local PBS listings).
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FULL DOCUMENTARY - 1964: The Fight for a Right | MPB
By the mid twentieth century, Mississippi’s African Americans had suffered from nearly 75 years of Jim Crow discrimination. In order to break open the closed society and improve their lives, they needed to be able to vote. In the summer of 1964, hundreds of young white volunteers converged in Mississippi for a 10-week voter registration campaign. The results of their efforts still reverberate. Learn more at http://www.mpbonline.org/freedomsummer
Meet the Freedom Riders Who Survived a Deadly Attack from the KKK | The Oprah Winfrey Show | OWN
It was dangerous and daring. Some even considered it a suicide mission. In 1961, courageous Freedom Riders, a group of nonviolent Civil Rights protesters, bravely risked their lives by boarding a bus in Washington, D.C., and heading straight into the segregated south.Original airdate: May 4, 2011 For more on #oprahwinfreyshow, visit http://WatchOWN.tv/TOWS
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1963 - Birmingham Campaign and Church Bombing
Bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church | American Freedom Stories | Biography
On September 15, 1963, a bomb exploded at the 16th Street Baptist Church as church members prepared for Sunday services. The racially motivated attack killed four young girls and shocked the nation. #Biography
16th St. Baptist Church Bombing - 1963 | Today In History | 15 Sept 17On September 15, 1963, four black girls were killed when a bomb went off during Sunday services at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. (Three Ku Klux Klansmen were eventually convicted for their roles in the blast.) You can license this story through AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/you...
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1963 Birmingham Civil Rights Campaign
Preview - Full Program Airs May 4, 2013 at 9:40am & 9:40pm ET - For More Information: http://www.c-span.org/History/Events/...
MLK's 1963 eulogy after the Birmingham church bombing
As President Obama looked for words to comfort the nation Thursday, he found them in a eulogy delivered by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., after four young black girls were killed in the 1963 bombing of a Birmingham church. "CBS Evening News" anchor Scott Pelley reports from South Carolina.
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August 28, 1963 - Martin Luther King Jr. Delivers "I Have a Dream" in Washington, D.C.
August 28 1963 I have a dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Washington D.C.
Martin Luther King delivers the "I have a dream" speech from the podium at the "March on Washington" on August 28 1963 https://www.loc.gov/item/2013645765/
The March On Washington: The Spirit Of The Day | MLK | TIME
We remember the march on Washington for jobs and freedom, and the iconic speech by Martin Luther King Jr. from August 28, 1963.
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How Martin Luther King Went Off Script in 'I Have a Dream'
Former Martin Luther King, Jr. adviser and speechwriter Clarence B. Jones talks to WSJ's Monika Vosough about how Martin Luther King's favorite gospel singer Mahalia Jackson helped create the "I Have a Dream" speech. (Photo: AP)
Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" Speech | History
Learn about the political and social context behind Martin Luther King, Jr.'s famous "I Have A Dream" speech, the rhetorical devices that helped its concepts resonate, and its effect on the broader Civil Rights Movement.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
AP Archive: Civil Rights Act Of 1964(31 Dec 1964) Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Congress passes the most sweeping Civil Rights Bill ever to be written into law. Five hours after the House votes on the measure, President Johnson signs in into law before an audience of legislators and Civil Rights leaders at the White House. He calls it "a turning point in history" and uses a hundred pens to affix his signature. Following tradition the pens are distributed by the President to government leaders and other notables present including the Reverend Martin Luther King, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, Hubert Humphrey and Everett Dirksen.
Teaching the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Join the Library of Congress education and newspaper experts to learn about the digitized historic newspapers available through the Chronicling America program. Explore teaching strategies for using the materials with students.
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On this Day: The Civil Rights Act of 1964
On July 2, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the sweeping Civil Rights Act into law, bolstering the struggle against racial discrimination and disenfranchisement in the United States
'All the Way' cast read Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark piece of legislation signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964, that prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. This document was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. All the Way, a riveting new play by Robert Schenkkan, is a compelling account of how Johnson worked with Martin Luther King Jr. to push that landmark legislation through a recalcitrant Congress.The DCPA Theatre Company is presenting the regional premiere of All the Way from Jan 29-Feb 28. Cast members recently took time to record the historic legislation for the video above.
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