Media Literacy

Modern Instruction Techniques & Resources
File:Social-media-communication.png - Wikimedia Commons
A Media Literacy Education

​Science Daily - Herd mentality: Are we programmed to make bad decisions?

​December 16, 2014
University of Exeter
Summary: A natural desire to be part of the 'in crowd' could damage our ability to make the right decisions, a new study has shown. Research has shown that individuals have evolved to be overly influenced by their neighbors, rather than rely on their own instinct. As a result, groups become less responsive to changes in their natural environment.
​Herd Mentality | Definition of Herd Mentality by Oxford ... - Lexico
The tendency for people's behavior or beliefs to conform to those of the group to which they belong. 'the herd mentality of the investment community'.
Herd mentality - Wikipedia
Herd mentality, mob mentality and pack mentality, also lesser known as gang mentality, describes how people can be influenced by their peers to adopt certain ...

What is Media?
​What is 'The Media'?

me·di·a
/ˈmēdēə/
noun
  1. the main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet) regarded collectively.
    "their demands were publicized by the media"
  2. plural form of medium.

​​TEDxLehighU: Whoever Controls the Media, the Images, Controls the Culture | Min Kim 

​How does Media change your perception of culture? Nowadays, because of social media the way we look at an image and receive a piece of information have changed. Min is a Lehigh student ('16, '17G) who studied Sociology and Entrepreneurship as a member of the Eckardt Scholars Program. His senior thesis—as presented at the 2015 Eastern Sociological Society Conference in NYC—explores the effects of representations of race in pop culture through the lens of the hip-hop and basketball industries. Min will be working at Red Bull in Santa Monica, CA starting mid-July, where he will be envisioning and executing brand campaigns around music and culture. Min graduated from Lehigh in 2016 with departmental and university honors, and is now pursuing a number of self-directed projects at the intersection of media, business, and culture through the Presidential Scholarship. Min is also known for his passion for music and DJing, and performs regularly under his the alias 'minnit'. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx

Bread dance/Chaplin-1992,Charles Chaplin meets J.Edgar Hoover

I​n this scene of the film Chaplin(1992) by,Sir Richard Attenborough based upon Charles Chaplin's Autobiography you can see the meeting of socialist/artist Chaplin and J.Edgar Hoover's idea of radicalization of USA.

The Sleeper Effect – How the Media Manipulates You

​The sleeper effect is a manipulation technique that is commonly employed by the mainstream media, whether its for politics, advertisements, or whatever. Learn more here:

Media Documentaries:

The Social Dilemma

Discover what’s hiding on the other side of your screen

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​The world has long recognized the positive applications of social media, from its role in empowering protesters to speak out against oppression during the Arab Spring uprisings almost a decade ago, to serving an instrumental role in fighting for equity and justice today. And in 2020, during an astonishing global pandemic, social media has become our lifeline to stay in touch with loved ones, as well as proving to be an asset for mobilizing civil rights protests. However, the system that connects us also invisibly controls us. The collective lack of understanding about how these platforms actually operate has led to hidden and often harmful consequences to society—consequences that are becoming more and more evident over time, and consequences that, the subjects in The Social Dilemma suggest, are an existential threat to humanity.
The Social Dilemma is a powerful exploration of the disproportionate impact that a relatively small number of engineers in Silicon Valley have over the way we think, act, and live our lives. The film deftly tackles an underlying cause of our viral conspiracy theories, teenage mental health issues, rampant misinformation and political polarization, and makes these issues visceral, understandable, and urgent. Through a unique combination of documentary investigation and entertaining narrative drama...
​https://Netflix.com/thesocialdilemma

The Social Dilemma
​Official Trailer | Netflix

​We tweet, we like, and we share— but what are the consequences of our growing dependence on social media? As digital platforms increasingly become a lifeline to stay connected, Silicon Valley insiders reveal how social media is reprogramming civilization by exposing what’s hiding on the other side of your screen.

All Governments Lie

Truth, Deception, and the Spirit of I.F. Stone

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All Governments Lie: Truth, Deception, and the Legacy of I.F. Stone is a theatrical documentary created by a team of Emmy Award-winning filmmakers, who subscribed to I. F. Stone’s newsletter in their teens. “I. F. Stone’s Weekly” inspired us then, and compels us now to tell the story of a new wave of independent, investigative, adversarial journalists following in Stone’s footsteps. We hope this film will inspire the next generation of independent journalists, many of whom are now in college, to carry on I.F. Stone’s legacy of speaking truth to power. This film will change the way you look at the mainstream media or “MSM”. Giant media conglomerates are increasingly reluctant to investigate or... ​
https://www.madman.com.au/catalogue/view/39904/all-governments-lie

All Governments Lie - Official Trailer

Own it now: http://mad.mn/govliedvd 

Questions: ​

  • What media do you consume?
  • How many hours a day do you consume media?
  • What media do your students consume?
  • How many hours a day do your students consume media?
  • What social media do you consume and/or produce?
  • How has social media impacted your life?
  • ​How private is your life?

Hoaxed

EVERYTHING THEY TOLD US IS A LIE

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We all know the feeling of logging onto the Internet and reading fake news stories. The latest fake news story is that Joy Reid's computer was hacked by time travelers. Fake news is a simulation, that is, an artificial construct of reality. What we know as "the news" simply isn't true.

Hoaxed is a crowd-funded documentary produced by Cerno Films (Mike Cernovich). Cernovich's last film about free speech included icons like Alan Dershowitz, Candace Owens, and Scott Adams. Hoaxed, if you can believe it, has an even greater cast.
http://hoaxedmovie.com/ 

HOAXED Trailer

​Watch the full movie here: HoaxedMovie.com
​Directed by Scooter Downey & Jon Du Toit

The American Meme

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​THE AMERICAN MEME follows the journeys of four shocking social media disruptors, Paris Hilton (@parishilton), Josh Ostrovsky (@thefatjewish), Brittany Furlan (@brittanyfurlan) and Kirill Bichutsky (@slutwhisperer), as they hustle to create empires out of their online footprints. Although their paths to influencer status are distinct, their respective followings are akin to small armies.
https://www.netflix.com/title/81003741

The American Meme | Official Trailer [HD] | Netflix

What does it mean to be famous in the digital world? A Netflix Original Documentary exploring the journeys of social media disruptors as they hustle to build empires out of their online footprints, redefining the paradigm for the American Dream. Now Streaming on Netflix.

Like

A DOCUMENTARY ABOUT FINDING BALANCE IN OUR DIGITAL WORLD

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​LIKE is an IndieFlix Original documentary that explores the impact of social media on our lives and the effects of technology on the brain. The goal of the film is to inspire us to self-regulate. Social media is a tool and social platforms are a place to connect, share, and care … but is that what's really happening?
https://www.thelikemovie.com/

LIKE Trailer

​Our goal for this film is to inspire people of all ages, especially kids, to self regulate. It’s not about blame. It’s about looking in the mirror and empowering ourselves to create balance in our lives and to learn to be there for each other. Please visit https://www.thelikemovie.com/ to learn more info and to host/find a screening.

Media Literacy Definitions:

Media Literacy: A Definition and More
The definition most often cited in the US is a succinct sentence hammered out by participants at the 1992 Aspen Media Literacy Leadership Institute:
Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and create media in a variety of forms.
Definitions, however, evolve over time and a more robust definition is now needed to situate media literacy in the context of its importance for the education of students in a 21st century media culture. CML now uses this expanded definition:
Media Literacy is a 21st century approach to education. It provides a framework to...
https://www.medialit.org/media-literacy-definition-and-more
Media literacy encompasses the practices that allow people to access, critically evaluate, and create or manipulate media. Media literacy is not restricted to one medium. Wikipedia
The Basic Definition
​Media literacy is the ability to ACCESS, ANALYZE, EVALUATE, CREATE, and ACT using all forms of communication.
In its simplest terms, media literacy builds upon the foundation of traditional literacy and offers new forms of reading and writing. Media literacy empowers people to be critical thinkers and makers, effective communicators and active citizens.
https://namle.net/publications/media-literacy-definitions/​
What is media literacy, and why is it important?
The word "literacy" usually describes the ability to read and write. Reading literacy and media literacy have a lot in common. Reading starts with recognizing letters. Pretty soon, readers can identify words -- and, most importantly, understand what those words mean. Readers then become writers. With more experience, readers and writers develop strong literacy skills. (Learn specifically about news literacy.)
Media literacy is the ability to identify different types of media and understand the messages they're sending. Kids take in a huge amount of...
https://www.commonsensemedia.org/news-and-media-literacy/what-is-media-literacy-and-why-is-it-important
What is the MLN definition of Media Literacy?
Media Literacy is the ability to:
  • Decode media messages.
  • Assess the influence of those messages on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • Create media thoughtfully and conscientiously.
https://medialiteracynow.org/what-is-media-literacy/
​​iRT (Internet Research & Training)
Media Literacy is defined as the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication in a variety of forms – or – Media Literacy is the ability to ask questions about what a person watches, sees and reads.

​Media Literacy education programs can teach students to:
  • Develop critical thinking skills they can use to intelligently navigate the media and filter the hundreds of media messages they receive every day.
  • Enhance their understanding of media message production processes, the commercial sources and beneficiaries of advertising, the ideology of messages contained in commercial and news media, and the techniques advertisers use to persuade viewers.
  • Recognize the persuasive intent of advertising, assess the realism of media portrayals, and question societal norms regarding behaviors such as substance use.

​​Digital Citizenship and Media Literacy Act

​S.2240 - Digital Citizenship and Media Literacy Act
​116th Congress (2019-2020) |
​Sen. Klobuchar, Amy [D-MN] (Introduced 07/23/2019)
(4) MEDIA LITERACY.—The term “media literacy” means the ability to--
(A) access relevant and accurate information through media in a variety of forms;
(B) critically analyze media content and the influences of different forms of media;
​(C) evaluate the comprehensiveness, relevance, credibility, authority, and accuracy of information;
(D) make educated decisions based on information obtained from media and digital sources;
(E) operate various forms of technology and digital tools; and
(F) reflect on how the use of media and technology may affect private and public life.

​Video: Media Literacy Now - What is Media Literacy?

​Intended as a tool for advocates, the video introduces the concept of media literacy as a key that unlocks meaning behind the messages that we see, and allows us to be more thoughtful and deliberate as we create our own messages – such as those we create and share on social media.
Media Literacy Now

​Video: SXSW EDU Keynote - Danah Boyd | What Hath We Wrought?

What Hath We Wrought?, takes a powerful look at media literacy, the widespread consumption of fake news and the cultural implications of media manipulation. ​​

Teachers College, Columbia University - Panel Discussion: Media Literacy

​​A timely conversation on the opportunities and challenges facing media literacy today, we discuss different perspectives and approaches to media literacy education with Academic Festival panelists Lalitha Vasudevan, Professor of Technology & Education and Director of the Media and Social Change Lab at Teachers College; Ioana Literat, Assistant Professor of Communication, Media and Learning Technologies Design; Yoo Kyung Chang, Lecturer, Communication, Media and Learning Technologies Design; Emily Bailin Wells (Ed.D. ‘18), Adjunct Assistant Professor, Communication, Media and Learning Technologies Design; Michelle Ciulla-Lipkin, Executive Director of the National Association for Media Literacy Education; and Jessica Wolff, Director of Policy and Research at the Center for Educational Equity.

​Video: Introduction to Media Literacy: Crash Course Media Literacy #1

​First thing’s first: what is media literacy? In our first episode, Jay breaks this question down and explains how we’re going to use it to explore our media saturated world.

Media Literacy ​
​in Education

​The Core Principles of Media Literacy Education

The Core Principles of Media Literacy Education
  1. Media Literacy Education requires active inquiry and critical thinking about the messages we receive and create.
  2. Media Literacy Education expands the concept of literacy to include all forms of media (i.e., reading and writing).
  3. Media Literacy Education builds and reinforces skills for learners of all ages. Like print literacy, those skills necessitate integrated, interactive, and repeated practice.
  4. Media Literacy Education develops informed, reflective and engaged participants essential for a democratic society.
  5. Media Literacy Education recognizes that media are a part of culture and function as agents of socialization.
  6. Media Literacy Education affirms that people use their individual skills, beliefs and experiences to construct their own meanings from media messages. 
​https://namle.net/publications/core-principles/
​​Common Sense Media - What is Media Literacy and How Should We Teach it?
​​CML - 10 Benefits of Media Literacy Education

Reading: PDF

Hobbs, Renee and Jensen, Amy (2009) "The Past, Present, and Future of Media Literacy Education," Journal of Media Literacy Education, 1(1).
Available at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jmle/vol1/iss1/1 ​

Media Literacy Education in 2020 & Beyond

Algorithmic personalization shapes and limits our experience of contemporary life and learning New forms of media literacy education are needed to respond to the changing digital environment University-school partnerships can build local capacity for digital & media literacy education by bridging theory & practice. Professor Renee Hobbs gave this keynote address to the New York State Communication Association, October 19, 2019. Learn more: www.bit.ly/hobbsnysca2019​

ABC Education: Michelle Lipkin on media literacy in schools

​Michelle Lipkin discusses the importance of teaching media literacy in schools. More videos and resources to help you get news literate: https://www.abc.net.au/education/medi...

Media Literacy Resource:

Checkology

The Checkology virtual classroom is a browser-based platform where middle school and high school students learn how to navigate today’s challenging information landscape by developing news literacy skills.
​​https://get.checkology.org/

Media
​Through History

​Early Communication, Information Control, Revolution, 20th century, Devices (Smart Phones), Social Media, Influencers, The Future Cybersafety and Digital Citizenship UNCRC - The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child FCC’s: CIPA – Children’s Internet Protection Act (2000)

A brief history of media panics | BBC Ideas

Are you worried you're addicted to your phone and social media? Believe it or not, there was a time when people worried about the addictiveness of novels, comic books, the radio and landlines. Brendan Miller explores "media panics" - the history of panics of new forms of media.

CNBC: History Of Social Media In 90 seconds 

​From Friendster to Snapchat, take a look back at social media's major moments — all in 90 seconds.

Noam Chomsky: The youth and the mass media's false reality and history

​​Interview with Noam Chomsky on May 22, 2012, at M.I.T. Cambridge, MA conducted by Chris Steele (Filmed/Edited by Dan Banta and Trenton Cotten, translated by Christina Castaneda).

Sack cartoon: Your brain on social media | Star Tribune

​Video: Common Sense Education: E-rate and CIPA: Toolkit For Teachers

​Teach students to be safe, smart, responsible digital citizens and help your school keep valuable E-Rate federal support for technology at the same time. Get started by watching the overview tutorial, then access engaging lessons in Common Sense Education's E-Rate Toolkit complete with lesson plans, handouts, videos, assessments, and parent tip sheets.

Matt Taibbi: Hate Inc., Why Today's Media Makes Us Despise One Another

​Journalist and author Matt Taibbi presented a lecture on his book "Hate Inc.: Why Today's Media Makes Us Despise One Another." This event was co-sponsored by Penn State's McCourtney Institute for Democracy and Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications. The lecture is followed by an audience Q&A moderated by McCourtney Institute communications specialist Jenna Spinelle. Matt Taibi on Substack: https://taibbi.substack.com

​History of Media Literacy, part 1: Crash Course Media Literacy #2

​​n order to understand the history of media literacy we have to go all the way back to straight up literacy. In the first half of our look at the history of media literacy, Jay takes us all the way back to Ancient Greece and forward through the printing press, newspapers, and Yellow Journalism. *** Resources & References: The Impact of the Printing Press http://courses.educ.ubc.ca/etec540/Se... Grandparents of Media Literacy https://www.grandparentsofmedialitera... Maine Explosion Caused by Bomb or Torpedo? https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/i...

History of Media Lit, part 2: Crash Course Media Literacy #3

​Jay continues our journey through the history of media literacy with the arrival of movies, television, and the other screens that now permeate our lives – along with some of the different approaches to media literacy that these inventions brought with them.

​Media & the Mind: Crash Course Media Literacy #4

​You are constantly surrounded by media, so the question is: how does your brain handle all of that? The unfortunate answer is that our brains have a lot of processes that not super helpful for media literacy, but hopefully with a little self-awareness, we can work around that.

Instructional Project - Reflection: Your Most Trusted Media Source and Why?

Reading: PDF
​​Bulger, Monica and Davison, Patrick (2018) "The Promises, Challenges, and Futures of Media Literacy," Journal of Media Literacy Education, 10(1), 1 -21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2018-10-1-1
Available at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jmle/vol10/iss1/1

Elements of Media 
Journalism, Advertisement, Public Relations, Propaganda, and Fake News

Journalism

​Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on events. The word journalism applies to the occupation, as well as citizen journalists who gather and publish information. Journalistic media include print, television, radio, Internet, and, in the past, newsreels. Wikipedia
 “Journalism is printing what someone else does not want printed. Everything else is public relations.”
-George Orwell????
  • ​Journalism is printing what someone else does not want printed.​ May 28, 2019 — “Journalism is printing what someone else does not want printed. ... Everything else is public relations. ... Randolph Hearst and Lord Northcliff (a.k.a. Alfred Harmsworth, the British publishing magnate of the early 20th century).
​​University of Kansas, School of Journalism & Mass Communications: History of American Journalism

​Video: UMaine - ​Journalism is the first rough draft of history

​​Michael Socolow, associate professor of communication and journalism, searches for lessons of history as he contemplates constantly evolving media.

How Journalism Was Corrupted by the Power of Privilege | Gay Talese

The role of explanatory journalism in America’s democracy

​Journalists discuss the ways in which the free press helps improve public knowledge and strengthen American democracy. http://www.brookings.edu/journalism

CWRU: ​Journalism and Media Lecture Series: Howard Schneider Lecture on News Literacy

​Series: Journalism and Media Lecture Series
Title: Howard Schneider Lecture on News Literacy
Date: March 3, 2010
​Location: The Garden Room at the Cleveland Botanical Garden Description Howard Schneider former Pulitzer-Prize winning editor of Newsday and dean of the School of Journalism at Stony Brook University.

​The 5 Core Values of Journalism

​The EJN Director describes the five values which are the foundation of ethical journalism.

Stossel: The Rise Of Citizen Journalists

ReasonTV
A new wave of journalists, like Tim Pool, use "new media" to tell it like it is.

JournalismDegree.org 

Journalism Degree.org is a site dedicated to providing timely and relevant information about journalism degrees and programs. We help current and prospective students find the right program to fit their needs. With useful articles and links to accredited institutions, our site provides a single location for students interested in pursuing careers in media and mass communications.

Smart Media - Media Literacy for the 21st Century: We Are All Journalists Now

What Is Journalism and Why Does it Matter?

NewsWise is a news literacy program to provide school-aged Canadians an understanding of the role of journalism in a healthy democracy and the tools to find and filter information online. Visit http://newswise.ca/ for more information and resources. NewsWise is the product of a partnership between CIVIX and the Canadian Journalism Foundation, with the support of the Google.org Charitable Giving Fund of Tides Foundation.

Why Journalism is the Subject of the Future

​Check out the article here: http://www.spencerauthor.com/journalism/

The Impact of Twitter on Journalism | Off Book | PBS Digital Studios

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: http://to.pbs.org/Donateoffbook The world of journalism has changed in the internet era. Newsrooms are significantly smaller now than they were 10 years ago, and news is no longer a once-a-day product, but instead a constant flow of information. The rise of Twitter brought concerns within the industry - would this overwhelming source of direct raw information put professional reporters out of business? Journalists are now faced with the challenge of adapting their roles in this digital era, finding new ways to add value to content, and helping to ensure that the internet is changing our worldview for the better. ​

How The 21st Century Changed Journalism

NowThis World

In the News:

​Yahoo News - Glittering symbol of press, Newseum set to close its doors

​The Hollywood Reporter - ​Ronan Farrow, HBO Team for Doc About Threats Against Journalists

Info-graphic - Information is Beautiful, Mountains out of Molehills

What are the world’s biggest fears? How much have they been amplified by the media? Is fear increasing? 
Our popular “Mountains out of Molehills” image from 2007 updated and made interactive. Roll over categories to reveal media scares & accompanying headlines. Scale to the ebola spike or number of deaths by hitting the switches.
​https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/mountains-out-of-molehills/

Reporters Without Borders (RSF)

Based in Paris, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) is an independent NGO with consultative status with the United Nations, UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the International Organization of the Francophonie (OIF). Its foreign sections, its bureaux in ten cities, including Brussels, Washington, Berlin, Tunis, Rio de Janeiro, and Stockholm, and its network of correspondents in 130 countries give RSF the ability to mobilize support, challenge governments and wield influence both on the ground and in the ministries and precincts where media and Internet standards and legislation are drafted.
​​Presentation: Reporters Without Borders (RSF), for freedom of information

​The Uncensored Library – The Film

​Reporters Without Borders (RSF) opens “The Uncensored Library” – Within a computer game. In many countries, free information is hard to access. Blogs, newspapers and websites are censored but Minecraft is still accessible. RSF used this backdoor to build “The Uncensored Library". A library 

The World Press Freedom Index

What is it?
Published every year since 2002 by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), the World Press Freedom Index is an important advocacy tool based on the principle of emulation between states. Because it is well known, its influence over governments is growing. Many heads of state and government fear its annual publication. The Index is a point of reference that is quoted by media throughout the world and is used by diplomats and international entities such as the United Nations and the World Bank.
https://rsf.org/en/ranking

The Lippmann and Dewey Debate

​1922 Walter Lippmann and John Dewey debate the role of citizens in democracy

In 1922, Walter Lippmann published an influential book entitled Public Opinion. In this book, Lippmann was very suspicious and critical of any model of democracy that placed excessive faith and power in the hands of the public. For instance, he argued that participatory democracy was unworkable and that the democratic public was a myth, and hence concluded that governance should be delegated exclusively to political representatives and their expert advisors. Based on empirical evidence about the efficacy of political propaganda and mass advertisement to shape people's ways of thinking, Lippmann contended that public opinion was highly shaped by leaders. Lippmann called this process of manipulation of consciousness 'the manufacture of consent', a concept that Noam Chomsky would popularize many years later in his writings. Lippmann argued, first in 'Public Opinion' and later in 'The Phantom Public', that since ordinary citizens had no sense of objective reality, and since their ideas are merely stereotypes manipulated at will by people at the top, deliberative democracy was an unworkable dogma or impossible dream. In his view, the most feasible alternative to such democracy consisted of a technocracy in which government leaders are guided by ​...
http://schugurensky.faculty.asu.edu/moments/1922lippdew.html

​Walter Lippmann

Walter Lippmann was an American writer, reporter, and political commentator famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War, coining the term “stereotype” in the modern psychological meaning, and critiquing media...
Walter Lippmann: book Public Opinion as "the founding book of modern journalism" and also "the founding book in American media studies".
​​https://cognitive-liberty.online/walter-lippmann/

Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion & WW1 Propaganda

​I look at Walter Lippmann's 1922 book Public Opinion. WW1 changed everything about how people viewed the world, and saw the birth of propaganda, press offices, and public relations. Lippmann sought to analyze this new world, arguing that public opinion was actually based on a highly selective psuedo-environment with an emphasis on simple stereotypes. Lippman was one of the most influential journalists of his generation winning 2 Pulitzer Prizes and lamenting the poverty of public information and the press. He also wrote the influential 'The Phantom Public.' I also include a reading of Wilfred Owen's Dulce et Decorum Est

John Dewey

​My Philosopher: John Dewey
John Dewey (1859-1952) was a major leader in the American school of philosophical thought known as pragmatism. Dewey, born in Burlington, Vermont, attended the University of Vermont. It was in college that Dewey established his interest in philosophy being heavily impacted by the theories of natural selection and evolution. From this education and thought, Dewey developed ideas concerning the importance of the relationship between humans and the environment. ​​
​Dewey's ​ "community journalism"
​https://mediaethicsafternoon.wordpress.com/2015/02/12/my-philosopher-john-dewey/

John Dewey: Biography, Education, Quotes, Theory, Beliefs, College, Facts, Ideas (2003)

​John Dewey (/ˈduːi/; October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. About the book: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/023... Dewey is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the founders of functional psychology. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Dewey as the 93rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century.[2] A well-known public intellectual, he was also a major voice of progressive education and liberalism.[3][4] Although Dewey is known best for his publications about education, he also wrote about many other topics, including epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, art, logic, social theory, and ethics. The overriding theme of Dewey's works was his profound belief in democracy, be it in politics, education or communication and journalism. As Dewey himself stated in 1888, while still at the University of Michigan, "Democracy and the one, ultimate, ethical ideal of humanity are to my mind synonymous."[5]

Episode 130 ... Dewey and Lippman on Democracy

​Philosophize This!
Today we talk about the work of Deleuze. https://twitter.com/iamstephenwest https://www.facebook.com/Philosophize... https://www.patreon.com/philosophizethis Thank you for wanting to know more today than you did yesterday! :)

Famous American Journalists & Stories:

Barbara Stiegler, "A New Genealogy of Neo-liberalism: The Dewey-Lippman Debate"

American Institute of Philosophical and Cultural Thought
Where does this sneaking, yet ever more oppressive and widely experienced sense of a generalized lagging behind come from? A feeling which is only strengthened by the perpetual decree that evolution must be preceded by adaptation. “Evolution,” it is said, requires “mutations” which allow us to “survive” and to “adapt” ourselves to a new “environment,” already described as unstable, complex, unpredictable, and with respect to which our societies are endlessly accused of “falling behind.” How does one explain this progressive takeover of the economic, social, and political spheres by the biological lexicon of evolution?
​​http://schugurensky.faculty.asu.edu/moments/1922lippdew.html
​Lippmann-Dewey debate

In The News:

ABC News (Australia) - The public, the media and the limits of democracy: Re-examining the Lippmann-Dewey ‘debate’

​Advertisement

Advertising is a marketing communication that employs an openly sponsored, non-personal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea. Sponsors of advertising are typically businesses wishing to promote their products or services. Wikipedia

TEDxSMU: We're All in Marketing: What Evolution Tells Us About Advertising | Ethan Decker

​Advertising is the Dirty Profession, famous for snake oil salesmen and shysters, shilling things that nobody needs, creating this bankrupt consumerist culture. But what if I told you that you were unknowingly in advertising too? My own journey from human evolution and ecology into marketing has taught me that we are all in advertising—and that’s actually a good thing. ​

The Richest - 10 Ways Advertisers Are Tricking You Everyday

​top 10 tricks companies are using to make you buy their products
Sep 1, 2005 — In the 1860s and 1870s, the forerunners of modern advertising agents came on the scene. First offering to physically take ads from the shops of ...
by WM O'Barr · ‎2005 · ‎Cited by 57 · ‎Related articles

​Media & Money: Crash Course Media Literacy #5

​Media isn’t just movies and newspapers and TV shows, it’s also a part of society that involves a lot of money. And all that money has implications for the media that gets created. Media is created by people -- a range of people, making a range of decisions, and earning a range of different paychecks to do it. Those decisions matter and understanding how money affects those decisions is an essential component of media literacy.

Public Relations

​Public relations is the practice of deliberately managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization and the public. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. Wikipedia
Founder: Edward Bernays, a nephew of Sigmund Freud, is also sometimes referred to as the father of PR and the profession's first theorist for his work in the 1920s. wikipedia.org
The Museum of Public Relations' historical timeline, “Public Relations Through the Ages,” illustrates the evolution of the public relations profession and its ...
Jan 13, 2014 — The origins of public relations can be traced all the way to Ancient Greece, where Classical philosophers like Plato and Aristotle wrote on the art ...
Early History. Public relations (PR) is not a recent invention. The importance of communication with the public and maintenance of positive public image was ...

The Invention of Public Relations

​The invention of Public Relation and an interview with a PR pioneer, Freud's nephew, Edward Bernays

What is Public Relations?

​This video reviews the definition of PR, and explores the different types and functions of PR, such as: employee relations (internal PR), campaigns and politics, government relations, and media relations. This video is part of a series that I developed for my Introduction to PR class at Bridgewater State University. Looking for the infographics I reference? You can find them linked on my website: http://www.melaniejoymcnaughton.com/h...

Influence & Persuasion: Crash Course Media Literacy #6

​We’ve mentioned already that there’s a lot of money in media and a huge chunk of that money is spent on trying to get you to do something – buy something, vote a certain way, change a behavior. How does advertising work? And what’s the difference between advertising, public relations, and propaganda? We’re going to talk about all that and more today.

​Online Advertising: Crash Course Media Literacy #7

You're being watched. That sounded more sinister than I intended, but online, it's true. Facebook, Instagram, Amazon, Netflix... the list goes on and on. They're watching what you do, what you shop for, what you watch... all of it. And have you actually read the Terms of Service? In this episode of Crash Course Media Literacy, Jay talks about how Online Advertising works and why companies want to know everything you're looking at. *** Resources: Reading the Privacy Policies You Encounter in a Year Would Take 76 Work Days https://www.theatlantic.com/technolog... Children’s commercial media literacy: new evidence relevant to UK policy decisions regarding the GDPR http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mediapolicypro... Stanford researchers find students have trouble judging the credibility of information online https://ed.stanford.edu/news/stanford... Let Consumers See What’s Happening https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate... We Were a Nielsen Family — Here’s What It Was Like http://www.vulture.com/2015/12/nielse... ​​

Propaganda

​​Propaganda is information that is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be presenting facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis ... Wikipedia
Feb 21, 2014 — In 1622, Pope Gregory XV established the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (Congregation for Propagating the Faith) for the purpose of promoting the faith in non-Catholic countries. The group's name was often informally shortened to “propaganda,” and the name stuck.
Leaders throughout history have been able to use propaganda to their own needs and desires. By stirring an individual's imagination and emotions whether it is ...
These days, thanks to a history of it being used to drive harmful or discriminatory messages, propaganda generally carries a negative connotation.
Mar 11, 2017 — History stopped in 1936 – after that, there was only propaganda. So said George Orwell of an era when the multiple miseries of the Great ...

DOD: How to Recognize Propaganda | Cold War Era Educational Film | ca. 1957

​This Cold War era film – originally titled as "Defense Against Enemy Propaganda" – is an episode of the U.S. Army's "The Big Picture" television series. It was released in circa 1957

​​Discovery News: From Religion To War: How Propaganda Changed The World

How One Man Manipulated All of America

Introduction to Propaganda

​In this lecture we investigate the nature of propaganda. We examine what propaganda is, the difference between education and propaganda, the history of propaganda, the nature of political propaganda, and the role propaganda plays in modern democracies.

Chomsky on Edward Bernays Father of Propaganda

Glenn Beck: Edward Bernays and Propaganda 1 of 2

Edward Bernays called it PROPAGANDA

Edward L. Bernays interview, 1986-10-23

Fake News

Fake news, also known as junk news, pseudo-news, alternative facts, false news or hoax news, is a form of news consisting of deliberate disinformation or hoaxes spread via traditional news media or online social media. Digital news has brought back and increased the usage of fake news, or yellow journalism. Wikipedia

University of Michigan Library, Research Guides: "Fake News," Lies and Propaganda: How to Sort Fact from Fiction ​

​​Claire Wardle of FirstDraftNews.com has created the helpful visual image below to help us think about the ecosystem of mis- and disinformation. And as she points out, "it's complicated."
​Guide Authors:

How false news can spread - Noah Tavlin

Dive into the phenomenon known as circular reporting and how it contributes to the spread of false news and misinformation. -- In previous decades, most news with global reach came from several major newspapers and networks with the resources to gather information directly. The speed with which information spreads now, however, has created the ideal conditions for something called circular reporting. Noah Tavlin sheds light on this phenomenon. Lesson by Noah Tavlin, animation by Patrick Smith.

How to Spot Fake News - FactCheck.org

List of fact-checking websites

United States
  • Climate Feedback, which is dedicated to fact-checking media coverage of climate change.
  • FactCheck.org and FactCheckEd.org: self-described "advocates for voters that aims to reduce the level of deception and confusion in U.S. politics," and serving as an educational resource for high school teachers and students, respectively (the latter founded 2005). They are projects of the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, and are funded primarily by the Annenberg Foundation.
  • Fact Checker (The Washington Post): A project of The Washington Post, known for grading politicians on the factual accuracy of their statements with zero to four "Pinocchios." Created September 2007 by Post diplomatic writer Michael Dobbs specifically for the 2008 presidential campaign.Ceased operation 4 November 2008, but relaunched with a broader focus in January 2011, led by veteran Post diplomatic correspondent Glenn Kessler.
  • Media Bias/Fact Check is a web site that rates factual accuracy and political bias in news media. The site classifies media sources on a political bias spectrum, as well as on the accuracy of their factual reporting.
  • Our.News: Created in December 2016, the platform consolidates fact checking information about news articles and other content into Nutrition Labels for News. It also crowdsources some fact-checking content by allowing its users to contribute sources, reviews, and ratings of news and content.
  • PolitiFact: A service of the Tampa Bay Times - Created August 2007, uses the "Truth-o-Meter" to rank the amount of truth in public persons' statements. 2009 Pulitzer Prize Winner.
  • Snopes focuses on, but is not limited to, validating and debunking urban legends and other stories in American popular culture.
  • RealClearPolitics's Fact Check Review aspires to offer quaternary-level critiquing of such tertiary-level efforts at fact-checking as those listed above. Within its inaugural review item on April 9, 2018, RCP writer Kalev Leetaru said its efforts at "checking the fact checkers" were to "explore how the flagship fact-checking organizations operate in practice (as opposed to their self-reported descriptions), from their claim and verification sourcing to their topical focus to just what constitutes a 'fact.'" Leetaru is a Georgetown University fellow in residence, holding the chair established there for study and promotion of "international values, communications technology and the global Internet."
NBC News: Fake News: How a Partying Macedonian Teen Earns Thousands Publishing Lies
Public Radio International: Kids in Macedonia made up and circulated many false news stories in the US election
​UNESCO: Journalism, 'Fake News' and Disinformation: A Handbook for Journalism Education and Training
American Libraries: ​Media Literacy in an Age of Fake News, Prepare your users for the pitfalls of misinformation
​PBS NEWSHOUR EXTRA: 

TEDxUniversityofNevada: How Real Is Fake News? | Sharyl Attkisson

​Was the effort to focus America's attention on the idea of “fake news”—itself a propaganda effort? Connect the dots and learn who’s behind it and why. It’s not what you think. Sharyl Attkisson is a five-time Emmy Award winner and recipient of the Edward R. Murrow award for investigative reporting and author of two New York Times bestsellers: “The Smear” and “Stonewalled.” Attkisson hosts the Sunday national TV news program “Full Measure,” which focuses on investigative and accountability reporting. For thirty years, Attkisson was a correspondent and anchor at PBS, CNN and CBS News, where the Washington Post described her as "a persistent voice of news-media skepticism about the government's story.” She’s a fourth degree blackbelt in TaeKwonDo. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx

Fake News, Part 1: Origins and evolution

TEDxYouth@Lancaster: How to Spot Fake News | Hannah Logue 

In this era of incredible news stories, how do we know which ones are true? Hannah’s talk explains how the usual method of vetting news stories no longer applies in this unprecedented period. In this humorous talk, this fourteen year old offers a new method that helps authenticate a story and helps stop the proliferation of fake news. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx

​CBC News: The National - Researching the spread of fake news and its impact

​Researching the spread of fake news and its impact was the focus of a new report from MIT researchers on how rumours can spread faster and farther than the truth. Perhaps one of the more surprising findings is the suggestion that humans are a bigger issue in the spread of fake news than the bots that often get blamed.

The Science Of Success: Dan Carlin: Fake News, Misinformation, and Being an Informed Citizen with Dan Carlin

​In this episode, we ask: how do you become an active and informed citizen? What are the challenges of forming a coherent view of history and politics? What do you do if your foundational beliefs are coming into question? In a world full of noise, confusion, and fake news - we sit down with our guest the legendary podcaster Dan Carlin to uncover how we can make sense of today’s confusing world.

Deep Fakes

How Deep Fakes Will Make Fake News Worse - The Deets

​If you think it’s been a problem up to this point, the fight against fake news is about to get a whole lot harder thanks to artificial intelligence. You’ve probably seen examples of this “deep fake” technology in videos on the internet. It’s been used in many ways, from putting Steve Buscemi and Nicolas Cage’s faces on pretty much any actor from any movie, to being used as a cautionary tale for fake news. Buzzfeed joined forces with actor Jordan Peele to demonstrate how scary this technology can be, and how we need to be careful about what we see -- and believe -- on the internet, even if it looks legitimate. The AI technology that is creating these so-called “deep fake” videos has become more convincing at a rate that is terrifying.

Creating a Media Literate Classroom
(Analytical Skills Development Strategies)

Political Bias: ​Left Vs. Right

​Credits
​Concept & Research: David McCandless
Design: David McCandless & Stefanie Posavec
​https://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/left-vs-right-us/
Info-graphic - Information is Beautiful: Right vs. Left ​

Resource:
World News

​World newspapers, magazines, and news sites in English, sorted by country and region:
AFRICA ASIA AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA EUROPE MIDDLE EAST NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA US Newspapers
​http://www.world-newspapers.com/

​Instructional Project - World News Headlines

Evaluating Media and Online Information

Cardiff University Library: ​Evaluating online information

​​Third in a series of four informative and entertaining information literacy movies from Cardiff University. Discusses the pitfalls of using the internet for undergraduate study. Explains how to be critical, selective and evaluative when selecting online information for an assignment.

MediaWise: Teaching teens to sort fact from fiction online

​​MediaWise is a digital information literacy project led by the Poynter Institute aimed at teaching teenagers to tell fact from fiction online. Support Poynter’s MediaWise program by visiting poynter.org/support

Crash Course:
Navigating Digital Information

​Crash Course: ​Introduction to Crash Course Navigating Digital Information #1

​We love the internet! It's a wealth of information where we can learn about just about anything, but it's also kind of a pit of information that can be false or misleading. So, we're partnering with Mediawise and the Stanford History Education Group to make this series on Navigating Digital Information. Let's learn the facts about facts! Special thanks to our partners from MediaWise who helped create this series: The Poynter Institute The Stanford History Education Group (sheg.stanford.edu) Follow MediaWise and their fact-checking work across social:
https://www.instagram.com/mediawise/ https://www.youtube.com/mediawise https://twitter.com/mediawise https://www.facebook.com/MediaWise/
​MediaWise is supported by Google.

​Media Ownership: Crash Course Media Literacy #8

​We’ve talked about how broad a concept “the media” really is – and given that, it can be hard to keep track of all the different forces that constitute “the media.” It can be tough, but it’s not impossible. Today we’re talking about how all those big players fit together and why all those mergers and acquisitions matter to being a media literate citizen. *** Resources: NEW ERA FOR THE TELEPHONE: OWNERSHIP REPLACING RENTAL 

Media Policy & You: Crash Course Media Literacy #9

​Copyright and other media regulations have always been a bit tricky, but the internet made all of that infinitely more complicated. But what does all of that mean for you, the consumer?

Misinformation

Misinformation is false or inaccurate information. Examples of misinformation include false rumors, or insults and pranks, while examples of more deliberate disinformation include malicious content such as hoaxes, spearphishing and computational propaganda. Wikipedia
European political and church authorities placed the blame for the disaster on those that were sinning, and fake news pamphlets known as relações de sucessos ..

Poynter: misinformation actions around the world

BRUSSELS — In mid-March 2018, a European Commission high-level group published its final report on misinformation, drawing upon the input of experts from around the world who gathered over several weeks to help the European Union figure out what to do about misinformation.
The report created by the high-level group — announced in November 2017 to help the EU craft policies to address growing concern about misinformation in Europe — contains an inclusive, collaborative approach to addressing misinformation around the world (Disclosure: Poynter attended the meetings as one of the experts).
https://www.poynter.org/ifcn/anti-misinformation-actions/

​The Dark(er) Side of Media: Crash Course Media Literacy #10

Propaganda! Misinformation! Disinformation! Today we’re talking about the dark – or, shall we say, darkER – side of media. Understanding these media bogeymen is essential to being a more media literate citizen. *** Resources: The Persistent Mystery: How Many Died in 1989? ​

How we can protect truth in the age of misinformation | Sinan Aral

​Visit http://TED.com to get our entire library of TED Talks, transcripts, translations, personalized Talk recommendations and more. Fake news can sway elections, tank economies and sow discord in everyday life. Data scientist Sinan Aral demystifies how and why it spreads so quickly -- citing one of the largest studies on misinformation -- and identifies five strategies to help us unweave the tangled web between true and false.

​​In The News:

​The term misinformation simply refers to incorrect or misleading information, while disinformation is information that is false and deliberately created to cause harm. Because it can be hard to identify what the intent was of the person who created a piece of information, it’s generally more accurate to use the word misinformation as an umbrella term. 
  1. Satire or parody, which has no intention to cause harm but has potential to fool.
  2. False connections, which occur when headlines, visuals, or captions don’t support the content.
  3. ​Misleading content, which involves the misleading use of information to frame an issue or individual.
  4. ​False context, which is when genuine content is shared with false contextual information.
  5. ​Impostor content, which is generated when genuine news sources are impersonated.
  6. Manipulated content, which is generated when genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive.
  7. ​Fabricated content, which is new content that is entirely false and designed to deceive and do harm.

1. ​Democrats demand Facebook and Twitter won't take down video posted by Donald Trump that was edited to show Nancy Pelosi repeatedly ripping up State of The Union speech to disrespect heroes

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7981821/Democrats-outraged-Facebook-Twitter-refuse-remove-doctored-video-posted-Trump.html
​More on this story...
​AP - Video of Pelosi brings renewed attention to ‘cheapfakes’
By RACHEL LERMAN
​https://apnews.com/12443c46b8cfee5e9659abb31eee5142

2. ​'This was photoshopped, obviously': Donald Trump blasts photographer for edited image showing him with an unflattering fake tan line - but still boasts 'the hair looks good'

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7981939/Donald-Trump-blasts-edited-photo-showing-unflattering-makeup-line.html

3. Video shows Pete Buttigieg's campaign added fake laughter and applause to the end of a quote from his CNN town hall: Iowa winner branded 'desperate and dishonest' after edited clip emerges​

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7981523/Pete-Buttigiegs-campaign-slammed-adding-fake-laughter-applause-CNN-town-hall-clips.html

Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is the analysis of facts to form a judgment. The subject is complex, and several different definitions exist, which generally include the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis, or evaluation of factual evidence. Wikipedia

Resources: Student Development of Analytic & Critical Thinking Skills

​University of Washington - ​Media Literacy Through Critical Thinking
​Duquesne University - ​Media Literacy and Critical Thinking: Is There a Connection?
​TalentBridge - 7 Steps to Improve your Analytical Thinking Skills
​Common Sense Media - How can I use TV and movies to teach my kids media literacy?
​Scholastic EDU - ​Strategies to Improve Students' Analytical Thinking

Oxford University Press ELT: 
How to use critical thinking in the classroom

TEDxABQED: Creating critical thinkers through media literacy: Andrea Quijada

CILE - ​Episode 1.1: What is Critical Thinking?
History. This supplement elaborates on the history of the articulation, promotion and adoption of critical thinking as an educational goal. John Dewey (1910: 74, ...
PDF
Critical thinking is comparatively a new method of thinking, teaching and learning, but the intellectual roots of critical thinking are as ancient as the teaching practice and vision of Socrates 2500 years ago who discovered, by a method of probing questioning, that people could not rationally justify their confident ...
PDF
History & Critical Thinking. A Handbook for. Using Historical Documents to. Improve Students' Thinking Skills in the Secondary Grades. Michael Edmonds.
by M Edmonds · ‎2005 · ‎Cited by 11 · ‎Related articles

​Media Skills: Crash Course Media Literacy #11

​Now that you have a solid understanding of the media landscape, it’s time to equip you with the essential skills for navigating it

Digital Citizenship

A digital citizen is a person using information technology in order to engage in society, politics, and government. As defined by Karen Mossberger, one of the authors of Digital Citizenship: The Internet, Society, and Participation, digital citizens are "those who use the internet regularly and effectively." Wikipedia
Resources: Student Development of Digital Citizenship Skills
Picture
Digital Citizenship
The Internet, Society, and Participation
​By Karen Mossberger, Caroline J. Tolbert and Ramona S. McNeal
This analysis of how the ability to participate in society online affects political and economic opportunity finds that technology use matters in wages and income and civic participation and voting.          ​
https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/digital-citizenship
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​Digital Citizenship in Schools
By, Mike Ribble
published by the International Society for Technology in Education, identifies digital literacy as one of nine key elements of digital citizenship:


​
  1. Digital Access: Can all users participate in a digital society at acceptable levels if they choose?
  2. Digital Commerce: Do users have the knowledge and protection to buy and sell in a digital world?
  3. Digital Communication: Do users understand the various digital communication methods and when each is appropriate?
  4. Digital Literacy: Have users taken the time to learn about digital technologies and do they share that knowledge with others?
  5. Digital Etiquette: Do users consider others when using digital technologies?
  6. Digital Law: Are users aware of laws (rules, policies) that govern the use of digital technologies?
  7. Digital Rights and Responsibilities: Are users ready to protect the rights of others and to defend their own digital rights?
  8. Digital Health and Wellness: Do users consider the risks (both physical and psychological) when using digital technologies?
  9. Digital Security: Do users take the time to protect their information while taking precautions to protect others’ data as well? 
https://id.iste.org/docs/excerpts/digci2-excerpt.pdf
CML - ​Building Citizenship Skills through Media Literacy Education
​Common Sense Education - New Digital Citizenship Lessons Are Here!
​Ithaca College - Project Look Sharp

​Future Literacies: Crash Course Media Literacy #12

​We’ve seen and discussed the ways in which the rapid pace of technological change has affected the media literacy landscape, and it’s clear that change isn’t slowing down. How will those changes affect the future of media literacy? How can we make the skills we’ve discussed over this course transferable to future media & technology?

Evaluating Online Tools & Media for Classroom Use 

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​Web search can be a remarkable tool for students, and a bit of instruction in how to search for academic sources will help your students become critical thinkers and independent learners.
With the materials on this site, you can help your students become skilled searchers- whether they're just starting out with search, or ready for more advanced training.

​Help your students become better searchers

​Lesson Plans & Activities
Download lesson plans to develop your students' search literacy skills.
Browse lesson plans
Power Searching​
Improve your search skills and learn advanced tips with online lessons and activities.
Start now
​A Google a Day Challenges
Put your students' search skills to the test with these trivia challenges.
Browse challenges
​​Live Trainings
​Join us for live search trainings or watch past trainings from search experts here at Google.
Start training

​How to Use Google Reverse Image Search to Fact Check Images

A quick demo of how Google's reverse image search tool can be used to fact check and research images. ​​

Other Image Search Resources:

TinEye

Picture
​​​TinEye is a reverse image search engine. Search by image: Give it an image and it will tell you where the image appears on the web.
​​https://tineye.com/

Media Literacy
​Lesson Plans & Resources

General ML Resources:

Center for Human Technology

CHT launched in 2018 as an independent nonprofit. In the short time since, the landscape has dramatically shifted and the harms of tech platforms are laid bare for everyone to see.
Center for Media Literacy: Getting Started: Ideas for Introducing Media Literacy in your School or District
​Media Smarts: Digital Literacy Fundamentals
​YALI - ​Media Literacy: Five Core Concepts
​AU SOC - ​Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Media Literacy Education (PDF)
Tusculum University - Dr. Hatfield.com: Rubric for Lesson Plan Development
Center for Media Literacy: ​Best Practices
​Media Smarts: Media Literacy for Development & Children’s Rights
​​Digital Commons @ Trinity: Language and the Manipulation of Truth
​Connect Safely: The Parent & Educator Guide to Media Literacy & Fake News
Media Literacy Clearinghouse: Resources
Connect Safely: Top 5 Questions about Media Literacy & Fake News
​Guampedia: Differing News Reports ​
​American Press Institute: ​Become a Journalist
Media Smarts: Bias in New Media ​
​​Peace Corps: Good News/ Bad News, Who Cares?
​Peace Corps: Starting Off the Day (and School Year) in Ukraine
​We Teach NYC: Media literacy toolkit
​IFLA: How to Stop Fake News
​Connect Safely: Media Literacy & Fake News
PBS: ​The United Nations Lesson Plan
​PBS News Hour: ​Student Reporting Labs Lesson Plans
common sense education: Retouching Reality (9-12)
ISTE: 9 lessons to boost media literacy
​ISTE: 10 resources to boost student media literacy
​common sense education: Twelve lesson plans to help kids deal with ethical dilemmas in today's digital world.
​​Canva: 10 creative ways to teach media literacy
MLC: Visual Literacy: Lesson Plans
​Literacy Ideas: TEACHING VISUAL LITERACY IN THE CLASSROOM

​Instructional Project - Assessing Media

​Reading: PDF

Farmer, Lesley (2019) "News literacy and fake news curriculum: School librarians’ perceptions of pedagogical practices," Journal of Media Literacy Education, 11(3), 1 -11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2019-11-3-1
Available at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jmle/vol11/iss3/1

Evaluating Media

EasyBib: Evaluating a News Article
​Evaluating Media Messages
Poynter - 6 questions to help you evaluate media messages
Zunal - Web Quest: EVALUATING MEDIA MESSAGES
​CPYU - EVALUATING MEDIA MESSAGES  (audio)
Common Sense Media - ​5 Questions Students Should Ask About Media
New York Times: Evaluating Sources in a ‘Post-Truth’ World: Ideas for Teaching and Learning About Fake News
CML - Five Key Questions of Media Literacy
ABOTA: Decoding the News, Building Savvy Consumers

Fact vs. Opinion

Media Smarts - ​Fact Versus Opinion - Lesson
ABC Education - ​Interactive Lesson: Fact vs opinion vs analysis
Common Sense Education - ​LESSON PLAN Is it a fact or an opinion?
​Programming Librarian - ​I Found It On the Internet, It Must Be True: Fact vs. Opinion for Middle School Students (Resource List)

Real News vs. Fake News

​KQED - ​Real News, Fake News or Opinion? Teaching Our Students to Discern the Difference
PBS News Hour - Fake News Resources
ISTE: Top 10 sites to help students check their facts
Fact Checking Sites:
PBS Learning Media: ​How to Teach Your Students About Fake News - Lesson Plan
common sense media: Don't Get Tricked By Fake News!​
NEWSEUM Ed: LESSON PLAN Fake News — What's the Big Deal?
BBC Academy: Lesson 1: Real versus fake news
​TeachingEnglish | British Council | BBC: Fake news lessons

*Media Literacy Games

*GAMES: Get Bad News
*GAMES: Media Smarts - Educational Games
*GAME: ​Fake It To Make It
*GAMES - MediaSmarts: How cyber-savvy are you? Cyber security quiz
​*GAMES - American University of Beirut - Fake News: News Literacy (Guide & Game)
*GAMES - Games for Change: ​TAKE THE CHALLENGE: NEWS LITERACY
*GAMES - BBC: iReporter
​*GAMES - Indiana U: Fakey
​*GAMES - Annenberg Public Policy Center and iCivics: NEWSFEED DEFENDERS
​*GAMES - Google: INTERLAND: REALITY RIVER
​*GAMES: FACTITIOUS
​*GAMES - INFC: FACT-CHECK IT!

​Media Literacy Organizations

​​NAMLE
​(National Association for Media Literacy Education) 

​The National Association for Media Literacy Education is a national organization dedicated to media literacy.
​    NAMLE’s mission is to be the leading voice, convener and resource to foster critical thinking and effective communication for empowered media participation.
    As an extended conceptualization of literacy, media literacy education helps individuals of all ages develop habits of inquiry and skills of expression needed to become critical thinkers, effective communications and active citizens in a world where mass media, popular culture and digital technologies play an important role for individuals and society.
   We define both education and media broadly.  Education includes both formal and informal settings, classrooms and living rooms, in school and after school, anywhere that lifelong learners can be reached.  Media includes digital media, computers, video games, radio, television, mobile media, print, and communication technologies that we haven’t even dreamed of yet.
https://namle.net/about/

CML (Center for Media Literacy)

​A pioneer in its field, the Center for Media Literacy (CML) is an educational organization that provides leadership, public education, professional development and evidence-based educational resources nationally and internationally. Dedicated to promoting and supporting media literacy education as a framework for accessing, analyzing, evaluating, creating and participating with media content, CML works to help citizens, especially the young, develop critical thinking and media production skills needed to live fully in the 21st century media culture. The ultimate goal is to make wise choices possible.
​KQED-FM is an NPR-member radio station owned by Northern California Public Broadcasting in San Francisco, California.

CPBS - KQED Education 

KQED Education provides educators and young people multimedia content, experiential activities, and professional tools to create learning environments of the 21st century by promoting civic engagement, creative expression, and problem solving using digital media.

PBS Media Literacy Educator Certification

​Demonstrate your expertise in teaching PreK-12 students to think critically about their roles as media consumers and creators. PBS and KQED have teamed up to offer a set of free media literacy micro-credentials that provide the pathway to earning certification as a PBS Certified Media Literacy Educator.
​https://ww2.kqed.org/

Media Education Lab

​FOUNDED AND DIRECTED BY RENEE HOBBS, THE MEDIA EDUCATION LAB HAS TWO PRIMARY GOALS:
(1) Providing public programs, educational services, community outreach and multimedia curriculum resources targeted to the needs of educators and learners in school and after-school settings; and
(2) Developing and implementing a multidisciplinary research agenda to explore the educational impact of media and technology, with a focus on digital and media literacy education as an expanded conceptualization of literacy.

Renee Hobbs

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Professor Hobbs is an internationally-recognized authority on digital and media literacy education. Through community and global service and as a researcher, teacher, advocate and media professional, Hobbs has worked to advance the quality of digital and media literacy education in the United States and around the world. She is Founder and Director of the Media Education Lab, whose mission is to improve the quality of media literacy education through research and community service. ​​
​​https://www.reneehobbs.com/

​​The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy

The first of its kind in ambition and scope, The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy provides global coverage of this dynamic and swiftly moving topic. As wide ranging and inclusive as the subject it treats, this two-volume encyclopedia offers a perspective on the past, present and future ...
​https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Media+Literacy%2C+2+Volume+Set-p-9781118978245

Media Literacy Now 

​​Media Literacy Now is the leading national advocacy organization for media literacy education policy.
https://medialiteracynow.org/

In The News... 

​