ODE
HIGH SCHOOL
AMERICAN HISTORY
This course examines the history of the United States of America from 1877 to the present. The federal republic has withstood
challenges to its national security and expanded the rights and roles of its citizens. The episodes of its past have shaped the nature of the country today and prepared it to attend to the challenges of tomorrow. Understanding how these events came to pass and their meaning for today’s citizens is the purpose of this course. The concepts of historical thinking introduced in earlier grades continue to build with students locating and analyzing primary and secondary sources from multiple perspectives to draw conclusions.
challenges to its national security and expanded the rights and roles of its citizens. The episodes of its past have shaped the nature of the country today and prepared it to attend to the challenges of tomorrow. Understanding how these events came to pass and their meaning for today’s citizens is the purpose of this course. The concepts of historical thinking introduced in earlier grades continue to build with students locating and analyzing primary and secondary sources from multiple perspectives to draw conclusions.
Historical Thinking and Skills
1. Historical events provide opportunities to examine alternative courses of action.
By examining alternative courses of action, students can consider the possible consequences and outcomes of moments in history. It also allows them to appreciate the decisions of some individuals and the actions of some groups without putting 21st century values and interpretations on historic events.
How might the history of the United States be different if the participants in historical events had taken different courses of action? What if Democratic Party officeholders had not been restored to power in the South after Reconstruction, the U.S. had not engaged in the Spanish-American War or the U.S. had joined the League of Nations? What if the federal government had not used deficit spending policies during the Great Depression, Truman had not ordered atomic bombs dropped on Japan or African Americans had not protested for civil rights in the 1950s and 1960s?
By examining alternative courses of action, students can consider the possible consequences and outcomes of moments in history. It also allows them to appreciate the decisions of some individuals and the actions of some groups without putting 21st century values and interpretations on historic events.
How might the history of the United States be different if the participants in historical events had taken different courses of action? What if Democratic Party officeholders had not been restored to power in the South after Reconstruction, the U.S. had not engaged in the Spanish-American War or the U.S. had joined the League of Nations? What if the federal government had not used deficit spending policies during the Great Depression, Truman had not ordered atomic bombs dropped on Japan or African Americans had not protested for civil rights in the 1950s and 1960s?
Welcome to the Alternate History Hub
Welcome! This is brief intro on what Alternate History Hub is all about! Like and subscribe!
2. The use of primary and secondary sources of information includes an examination of the credibility of each source.
The use of primary and secondary sources in the study of history includes an analysis of their credibility – that is, whether or not they are believable. This is accomplished by checking sources for:
Resource: History Matters
Resource: Primary Sources at Yale
Resource: The National Archives
The use of primary and secondary sources in the study of history includes an analysis of their credibility – that is, whether or not they are believable. This is accomplished by checking sources for:
- The qualifications and reputation of the author;
- Agreement with other credible sources;
- Perspective or bias of the author (including use of stereotypes);
- Accuracy and internal consistency; and
- The circumstances in which the author prepared the source.
Resource: History Matters
Resource: Primary Sources at Yale
Resource: The National Archives
National History Day in Ohio, What is Ohio History Day?
National History Day in Ohio is a year-long educational program where students in grades 4-12 do explore topics that interest them related to a specific theme. In the 2010-2011, it's Debate and Diplomacy in History: Successes, Failures, Consequences. Students do research and present their work through exhibits, performances, documentaries, research papers or websites at regional and state and national competitions.
Research at the National Archives
Learn what to expect when you research at the National Archives. This video addresses how to enter the National Archives building in Washington, DC, what security measures the National Archives uses, what you're allowed to bring into the research room with you, and how to use the research room and records.
3. Historians develop theses and use evidence to support or refute positions.
Resource: Incorporating Evidence Into Your Essay
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Eyewitness to History
- Historians are similar to detectives. They develop theses and use evidence to create explanations of past events. Rather than a simple list of events, a thesis provides a meaningful interpretation of the past by telling the reader the manner in which historical evidence is significant in some larger context.
- The evidence used by historians may be generated from artifacts, documents, eyewitness accounts, historical sites, photographs and other sources. Comparing and analyzing evidence from various sources enables historians to refine their explanations of past events.
- Historians cite their sources and use the results of their research to support or refute contentions made by others.
Resource: Incorporating Evidence Into Your Essay
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Eyewitness to History
Standard Essays - Overview |
Standard Essays - Step 1: Understand the Question |
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This is part 1 of an 8 part series on how to write standard essays in history. Each video covers a different step in the writing process. You can watch them all consecutively or come back to review individual steps as needed. Every document I reference is available for download below.
Documents Standard Essay Outline: http://tinyurl.com/k9h98x9 Standard Essay Processor: http://tinyurl.com/mheor3t Sample Standard Essay Processor: http://tinyurl.com/kpd5a7o Sample Standard Essay Response: http://tinyurl.com/kve3d5z |
This is part 2 of 8
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Standard Essays - Step 2: Brainstorm and Research |
Standard Essays - Step 3: Find Patterns in the Evidence |
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This is part 3 of 8
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This is part 4 of 8
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Standard Essays - Step 4: Write Your Claim Sentences |
Standard Essays - Step 5: Write Your Thesis |
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This is part 6 of 8
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Standard Essays - Step 6: Fill Out Your Evidence and Logic |
Standard Essays - Step 7: Write Your Essay |
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4. Historians analyze cause, effect, sequence and correlation in historical events, including multiple causation and long- and short-term causal relations.
- When studying a historical event or person in history, historians analyze cause-and-effect relationships. For example, to understand the impact of the Great Depression, an analysis would include its causes and effects.
- An analysis also would include an examination of the sequence and correlation of events. How did one event lead to another? How do they relate to one another?
- An examination of the Great Depression would include the Federal Reserve Board’s monetary policies in the late 1920s as a short-term cause and the decline in demand for American farm goods after World War I as a long-term factor contributing to the economic downturn.
Face It - Facing History and Ourselves
Facing History and Ourselves empowers teachers and students to think critically about history and to understand the impact of their choices.
History is about choices. Big choices. Little choices. Tragic choices. What if people were capable of making better choices? Facing History and Ourselves combats racism, antisemitism, and prejudice and nurtures democracy through education programs worldwide.
www.facinghistory.org
History is about choices. Big choices. Little choices. Tragic choices. What if people were capable of making better choices? Facing History and Ourselves combats racism, antisemitism, and prejudice and nurtures democracy through education programs worldwide.
www.facinghistory.org
Historic Documents
Theme - American Historic Documents
5. The Declaration of Independence reflects an application of Enlightenment ideas to the grievances of British subjects in the American colonies.
- The Declaration of Independence opens with a statement that the action the American colonies were undertaking required an explanation. That explanation begins with a brief exposition of Enlightenment thinking, particularly natural rights and the social contract, as the context for examining the recent history of the colonies.
- The document includes a list of grievances the colonists have with the King of Great Britain and Parliament as a justification for independence. The grievances refer to a series of events since the French and Indian War which the colonists deemed were tyrannical acts and destructive of their rights.
- The Declaration of Independence ends with a clear statement that the political bonds between the colonies and Great Britain are ended. Independence is declared as an exercise of social contract thought.
Reading of the Declaration of Independence
A host of celebrities including Mel Gibson, Whoopie Goldberg, and Michael Douglas perform a live reading of the Declaration of Independence in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, PA. For more information and teaching materials, check out: http://doiroadtrip.wordpress.com/
TedEd: What you might not know about the Declaration of Independence - Kenneth C. Davis
In June 1776, a little over a year after the start of the American Revolutionary War, the US Continental Congress huddled together in a hot room in Philadelphia to talk independence. Kenneth C. Davis dives into some of the lesser known facts about the process of writing the Declaration of Independence and questions one very controversial omission.
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-you-mi...
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-you-mi...
6. The Northwest Ordinance addressed a need for government in the Northwest Territory and established precedents for the future governing of the United States.
As Ohio country settlement progressed in the Connecticut Western Reserve and the Virginia Military District, and with the enactment of the Land Ordinance of 1785, the Congress of the United States recognized a need for governing land acquired in the Treaty of Paris. The Northwest Ordinance provided the basis for temporary governance as a territory and eventual entry into the United States as states.
The Northwest Ordinance also set some precedents that influenced how the United States would be governed in later years. New states were to be admitted “into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States.” This provision was continued in later years and it meant that there would be no colonization of the lands as there had been under Great Britain. “Schools and the means of education” were to be encouraged. This wording reinforced the provision in the Land Ordinance of 1785 allocating one section of each township for the support of schools and established a basis for national aid for education. Basic rights of citizenship (e.g., religious liberty, right to trial by jury, writ of habeas corpus) were assured. These assurances were precursors to the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution. Slavery was prohibited in the Northwest Territory. This provision was later included in the Constitution as Amendment 13. State governments were to be republican in structure. This provision was repeated in the U.S. Constitution.
Key components of a republic:
Resource: Our Documents-Transcript of Northwest Ordinance (1787)
Resource: History.com - Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance
Resource: LOC, Primary Documents in American History - Northwest Ordinance
Resource: Ohio History Central - Northwest Ordinace
As Ohio country settlement progressed in the Connecticut Western Reserve and the Virginia Military District, and with the enactment of the Land Ordinance of 1785, the Congress of the United States recognized a need for governing land acquired in the Treaty of Paris. The Northwest Ordinance provided the basis for temporary governance as a territory and eventual entry into the United States as states.
The Northwest Ordinance also set some precedents that influenced how the United States would be governed in later years. New states were to be admitted “into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States.” This provision was continued in later years and it meant that there would be no colonization of the lands as there had been under Great Britain. “Schools and the means of education” were to be encouraged. This wording reinforced the provision in the Land Ordinance of 1785 allocating one section of each township for the support of schools and established a basis for national aid for education. Basic rights of citizenship (e.g., religious liberty, right to trial by jury, writ of habeas corpus) were assured. These assurances were precursors to the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution. Slavery was prohibited in the Northwest Territory. This provision was later included in the Constitution as Amendment 13. State governments were to be republican in structure. This provision was repeated in the U.S. Constitution.
Key components of a republic:
- Supreme power is held by the citizens;
- Citizens are entitled to vote;
- Elections are held for government officers and representatives of the citizens;
- Elected officers and representatives are responsible to the citizens;
- Elected officers and representatives govern according to law.
Resource: Our Documents-Transcript of Northwest Ordinance (1787)
Resource: History.com - Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance
Resource: LOC, Primary Documents in American History - Northwest Ordinance
Resource: Ohio History Central - Northwest Ordinace
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and its Effects
The Articles of Confederation and the Northwest Ordinance
Visit Study.com for thousands more videos like this one. You'll get full access to our interactive quizzes and transcripts and can find out how to use our videos to earn real college credit. YouTube hosts only the first few lessons in each course. The rest are at Study.com. Take the next step in your educational future and graduate with less debt and in less time.
7. Problems facing the national government under the Articles of Confederation led to the drafting of the Constitution of the United States. The framers of the Constitution applied ideas of Enlightenment in conceiving the new government.
The national government, under the Articles of Confederation, faced several critical problems. Some dealt with the structure of the government itself. These problems included weak provisions for ongoing management of national affairs (a lack of a separate executive branch), a limited ability to resolve disputes arising under the Articles (a lack of a separate judicial branch) and stiff requirements for passing legislation and amending the Articles. National issues facing the government included paying the debt from the Revolutionary War, the British refusal to evacuate forts on U.S. soil, the Spanish closure of the Mississippi River to American navigation and state disputes over land and trade. Economic problems in the states led to Shays’ Rebellion.
The Constitution of the United States strengthened the structure of the national government. Separate executive and judicial branches were established. More practical means of passing legislation and amending the Constitution were instituted. The new government would have the ability to address the issues facing the nation. Powers to levy taxes, raise armies and regulate commerce were given to Congress. The principle of federalism delineated the distribution of powers between the national government and the states.
The Constitution of the United States was drafted using Enlightenment ideas to create a workable form of government. The Preamble and the creation of a representative government reflect the idea of the social contract. Articles I – III provide for a separation of powers in government. Article I also provides some limited protection of rights.
Resource: History.com - The Enlightenment
Resource: National Constitution Center
Resource: LOC, Primary Documents in American History - The Articles of Confederation
Resource: Ourdocuments.gov - Articles of Confederation
Resource: History.com - Articles of Confederation
Resource: DoS - Milestones: 1776-1783
The national government, under the Articles of Confederation, faced several critical problems. Some dealt with the structure of the government itself. These problems included weak provisions for ongoing management of national affairs (a lack of a separate executive branch), a limited ability to resolve disputes arising under the Articles (a lack of a separate judicial branch) and stiff requirements for passing legislation and amending the Articles. National issues facing the government included paying the debt from the Revolutionary War, the British refusal to evacuate forts on U.S. soil, the Spanish closure of the Mississippi River to American navigation and state disputes over land and trade. Economic problems in the states led to Shays’ Rebellion.
The Constitution of the United States strengthened the structure of the national government. Separate executive and judicial branches were established. More practical means of passing legislation and amending the Constitution were instituted. The new government would have the ability to address the issues facing the nation. Powers to levy taxes, raise armies and regulate commerce were given to Congress. The principle of federalism delineated the distribution of powers between the national government and the states.
The Constitution of the United States was drafted using Enlightenment ideas to create a workable form of government. The Preamble and the creation of a representative government reflect the idea of the social contract. Articles I – III provide for a separation of powers in government. Article I also provides some limited protection of rights.
Resource: History.com - The Enlightenment
Resource: National Constitution Center
Resource: LOC, Primary Documents in American History - The Articles of Confederation
Resource: Ourdocuments.gov - Articles of Confederation
Resource: History.com - Articles of Confederation
Resource: DoS - Milestones: 1776-1783
What Were the Articles of Confederation? | America: Facts vs. Fiction
The Articles of Confederation proved to be more trouble than help with individual states all pushing their interests and agendas, to the point of threatening the country as a whole. | For more, visit http://military.discovery.com/tv-show...
8. The Federalist Papers and the Anti-Federalist Papers structured the national debate over the ratification of the Constitution of the United States.
The Constitution of the United States represented a significant departure from the Articles of Confederation. The document required ratification by nine states for the national government to be established among the ratifying states.
Proponents and opponents of the Constitution attempted to sway the deliberations of the ratifying conventions in the states. The proponents became known as Federalists and the opponents as Anti-Federalists.
New York was a pivotal state in the ratification process and Federalists prepared a series of essays published in that state’s newspapers to convince New York to support the Constitution. These essays have become known as the Federalist Papers and they addressed issues such as the need for national taxation, the benefits of a strong national defense, the safeguards in the distribution of powers and the protection of citizen rights. What has become known as the Anti-Federalist Papers is a collection of essays from a variety of contributors. While not an organized effort as the Federalist Papers were, the Anti-Federalist Papers raised issues relating to the threats posed by national taxation, the use of a standing army, the amount of national power versus state power and the inadequate protection of the people’s rights
Resource: The Library of Congress - The Federalist Papers
Resource: National Endowment for the Humanities – EDSITEment!
The Constitution of the United States represented a significant departure from the Articles of Confederation. The document required ratification by nine states for the national government to be established among the ratifying states.
Proponents and opponents of the Constitution attempted to sway the deliberations of the ratifying conventions in the states. The proponents became known as Federalists and the opponents as Anti-Federalists.
New York was a pivotal state in the ratification process and Federalists prepared a series of essays published in that state’s newspapers to convince New York to support the Constitution. These essays have become known as the Federalist Papers and they addressed issues such as the need for national taxation, the benefits of a strong national defense, the safeguards in the distribution of powers and the protection of citizen rights. What has become known as the Anti-Federalist Papers is a collection of essays from a variety of contributors. While not an organized effort as the Federalist Papers were, the Anti-Federalist Papers raised issues relating to the threats posed by national taxation, the use of a standing army, the amount of national power versus state power and the inadequate protection of the people’s rights
Resource: The Library of Congress - The Federalist Papers
Resource: National Endowment for the Humanities – EDSITEment!
John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison
HISTORY TALKS: Federalist Papers - New Ideas for a New Nation
In a series of newspaper articles Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison explained the value of the new constitution that replaced the Articles of Confederation.
9. The Bill of Rights is derived from English law, ideas of the Enlightenment, the experiences of the American colonists, early experiences of self-government and the national debate over the ratification of the Constitution of the United States.
The Bill of Rights to the Constitution of the United States is derived from several sources. These range from the English heritage of the United States to the debates over the ratification of the Constitution.
English sources for the Bill of Rights include the Magna Carta (1215) and the Bill of Rights of 1689. The Magna Carta marked a step toward constitutional protection of rights and recognized trial by jury. The English Bill of Rights affirmed many rights including the right to habeas corpus and it protected against cruel punishments.
Enlightenment ideas about natural rights of life, liberty and property were becoming widespread as American colonists were experiencing what they saw as infringements upon their rights. The Quartering Act of 1765 was seen as an infringement on property rights. The Massachusetts Government Act placed severe limitations on the colonists’ ability to assemble in their town meetings. The Enlightenment ideas and British policies became focal points of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
As the American people began to govern themselves, they incorporated individual rights in governing documents. The Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) included protections for the press, religious exercise and the accused. Other colonies also included individual rights as part of their constitutions. The national government, under the Articles of Confederation, enacted the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which provided for religious liberty, due process, protections for the accused and property rights.
Resource: The Magna Carta
Resource: The British Library
Resource: National Archives: The full text of the United States Bill of Rights
Resource: LOC - Primary Documents in American History, The Bill of Rights
Resource: Teaching American History - The Bill of Rights
Resource: The Federalist Papers, Opposition to the Bill of Rights - Alexander Hamilton
The Bill of Rights to the Constitution of the United States is derived from several sources. These range from the English heritage of the United States to the debates over the ratification of the Constitution.
English sources for the Bill of Rights include the Magna Carta (1215) and the Bill of Rights of 1689. The Magna Carta marked a step toward constitutional protection of rights and recognized trial by jury. The English Bill of Rights affirmed many rights including the right to habeas corpus and it protected against cruel punishments.
Enlightenment ideas about natural rights of life, liberty and property were becoming widespread as American colonists were experiencing what they saw as infringements upon their rights. The Quartering Act of 1765 was seen as an infringement on property rights. The Massachusetts Government Act placed severe limitations on the colonists’ ability to assemble in their town meetings. The Enlightenment ideas and British policies became focal points of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
As the American people began to govern themselves, they incorporated individual rights in governing documents. The Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) included protections for the press, religious exercise and the accused. Other colonies also included individual rights as part of their constitutions. The national government, under the Articles of Confederation, enacted the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which provided for religious liberty, due process, protections for the accused and property rights.
Resource: The Magna Carta
Resource: The British Library
Resource: National Archives: The full text of the United States Bill of Rights
Resource: LOC - Primary Documents in American History, The Bill of Rights
Resource: Teaching American History - The Bill of Rights
Resource: The Federalist Papers, Opposition to the Bill of Rights - Alexander Hamilton
What is Magna Carta?
Why is this old piece of parchment considered to be such a powerful symbol of our rights and freedoms? Narrated by Monty Python’s Terry Jones, this animation takes you back to medieval times, when England under the reign of Bad King John. It asks why Magna Carta was originally created and what it meant to those living in the 13th century.
TED-Ed: A 3-minute guide to the Bill of Rights - Belinda Stutzman
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/a-3-minute-...
Daily, Americans exercise their rights secured by the Constitution. The most widely discussed and debated part of the Constitution is known as the Bill of Rights. Belinda Stutzman provides a refresher course on exactly what the first ten amendments grant each and every American citizen.
Lesson by Belinda Stutzman, animation by Jacques Khouri.
Daily, Americans exercise their rights secured by the Constitution. The most widely discussed and debated part of the Constitution is known as the Bill of Rights. Belinda Stutzman provides a refresher course on exactly what the first ten amendments grant each and every American citizen.
Lesson by Belinda Stutzman, animation by Jacques Khouri.
The Bill of Rights Institute
Theme - Reconstruction
Reconstruction and 1876: Crash Course US History #22
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In which John Green teaches you about Reconstruction. After the divisive, destructive Civil War, Abraham Lincoln had a plan to reconcile the country and make it whole again. Then he got shot, Andrew Johnson took over, and the disagreements between Johnson and Congress ensured that Reconstruction would fail. The election of 1876 made the whole thing even more of a mess, and the country called it off, leaving the nation still very divided. John will talk about the gains made by African-Americans in the years after the Civil War, and how they lost those gains almost immediately when Reconstruction stopped. You'll learn about the Freedman's Bureau, the 14th and 15th amendments, and the disastrous election of 1876. John will explore the goals of Reconstruction, the successes and ultimate failure, and why his alma mater Kenyon College is better than Raoul's alma mater NYU. Support CrashCourse on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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Resource: Jensen's Guide to Reconstruction History, 1861-1877
Resource: Proclamation Declaring the Insurrection at an End
Resource: Mr. Lincoln and Freedom - Reconstruction
Resource: Reconstruction Historiography: A Source of Teaching Ideas
Resource: Children in History - The American Civil War - Reconstruction
Resource: Open Yale Courses - HIST 119: The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 1845-1877
Resource: The History Channel - Reconstruction
Resource: Proclamation Declaring the Insurrection at an End
Resource: Mr. Lincoln and Freedom - Reconstruction
Resource: Reconstruction Historiography: A Source of Teaching Ideas
Resource: Children in History - The American Civil War - Reconstruction
Resource: Open Yale Courses - HIST 119: The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 1845-1877
Resource: The History Channel - Reconstruction
Industrialization and Progressivism (1877-1920)
Theme - Industrialization
10. The rise of corporations, heavy industry, mechanized farming and technological innovations transformed the American economy from an agrarian to an increasingly urban industrial society.
Industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was characterized by the rise of corporations and heavy industry, which transformed the American economy. It marked a shift from a predominance of agricultural workers to a predominance of factory workers. It marked a shift from rural living to urban living, with more people living in crowded and unsanitary conditions.
Mechanized farming also transformed the American economy. Production was made more efficient as machines replaced human labor.
New technologies (e.g., mechanized assembly line, electric motors) made factory production more efficient and allowed for larger industrial plants. Some of the technological innovations that transformed the American economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries include the telephone, phonograph, incandescent light bulb, washing machine, skyscraper, automobile and airplane.
Industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was characterized by the rise of corporations and heavy industry, which transformed the American economy. It marked a shift from a predominance of agricultural workers to a predominance of factory workers. It marked a shift from rural living to urban living, with more people living in crowded and unsanitary conditions.
Mechanized farming also transformed the American economy. Production was made more efficient as machines replaced human labor.
New technologies (e.g., mechanized assembly line, electric motors) made factory production more efficient and allowed for larger industrial plants. Some of the technological innovations that transformed the American economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries include the telephone, phonograph, incandescent light bulb, washing machine, skyscraper, automobile and airplane.
The Industrial Economy: Crash Course US History #23
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In which John Green teaches you about the Industrial Economy that arose in the United States after the Civil War. You know how when you're studying history, and you're reading along and everything seems safely in the past, and then BOOM you think, "Man, this suddenly seems very modern." For me, that moment in US History is the post-Reconstruction expansion of industrialism in America. After the Civil War, many of the changes in technology and ideas gave rise to this new industrialism. You'll learn about the rise of Captains of Industry (or Robber Barons) like Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D Rockefeller, and JP Morgan. You'll learn about trusts, combinations, and how the government responded to these new business practices. All this, plus John will cover how workers reacted to the changes in society and the early days of the labor movement. You'll learn about the Knights of Labor and Terence Powderly, and Samuel Gompers and the AFL. As a special bonus, someone gets beaten with a cane. AGAIN. What is it with American History and people getting beaten with canes?
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The New York Times: Tenement MemoriesRita Ascione is one of the last living residents of the Lower East Side building that is now the Tenement Museum. She recently returned with her daughter, Valerie Carmody, to see her old apartment.
Read the story here: http://nyti.ms/1x0GHsF |
Business Insider: A Trip Through The Tenement Museum In New York CityTake a trip through the Tenement Museum in New York City. This video was originally produced as a Facebook Live segment.
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11. The rise of industrialization led to a rapidly expanding workforce. Labor organizations grew amidst unregulated working conditions and violence toward supporters of organized labor.
The rise of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries increased the demand for workers. With this demand, immigrants came from other countries and Americans migrated from other parts of the United States to take jobs in industrial centers. As a result of the changing nature of work, some members of the working class formed labor organizations (e.g., American Railway Union, American Federation of Labor, Industrial Workers of the World, United Mine Workers of America) to protect their rights. They sought to address issues such as working conditions, wages and terms of employment. Labor organizations also grew due to the violence toward supporters of organized labor (e.g., Great Railroad Strike, Haymarket Riot, Homestead Strike, Pullman Strike). Resource: Standford University - Spatial History Project Railway Union, 1893-1894 Resource: AFL-CIO, History Resource: IWW, History Resource: UMWA, History Resource: Maryland State Archives - The Strike of 1877 Resource: West Virginia Archives & History B&O Railroad Strike of 1877 Resource: University of Pittsburg - The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Resource: Catskill Archive - The Great Strike, Harper's Weekly August 11, 1877 Resource: Chicago Historical Society - The Haymarket Affair Digital Collection Resource: Illinois Labor History Society - The Haymarket Affair Resource: University of Missouri - The Haymarket Riot Trial Resource: Northern Illinois University - The Haymarket Bomb Resource: The Battle of Homestead Foundation Resource: History Matters - Broken Spirits: Letters on the Pullman Strike Resource: Northern Illinois University - The Pullman Strike |
History through Hollywood
Matewan (1987)
A labor union organizer comes to an embattled mining community brutally and violently dominated and harassed by the mining company. Director: John Sayles Stars: Chris Cooper, James Earl Jones, Mary McDonnell, Will Oldham 
Harlan County U.S.A. (1976)
A filmed account of a bitterly violent miner strike. Director: Barbara Kopple Stars: Norman Yarborough, Houston Elmore,Phil Sparks, John Corcoran Modern Labor Union documentaries:
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Labor Day's violent beginnings
The bloody Pullman strike in 1894 spurred the national holiday that recognizes American workers
Ted-Ed: Why do Americans and Canadians celebrate Labor Day? -Kenneth C. Davis
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/why-do-amer...
In the United States and Canada, the first Monday of September is a federal holiday, Labor Day. Originally celebrated in New York City's Union Square in 1882, Labor Day was organized by unions as a rare day of rest for the overworked during the Industrial Revolution. Kenneth C. Davis illustrates the history of Labor Day from Union Square to today.
In the United States and Canada, the first Monday of September is a federal holiday, Labor Day. Originally celebrated in New York City's Union Square in 1882, Labor Day was organized by unions as a rare day of rest for the overworked during the Industrial Revolution. Kenneth C. Davis illustrates the history of Labor Day from Union Square to today.
THE MEN WHO BUILT AMERICA
John D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, Henry Ford and J.P. Morgan rose from obscurity and in the process built modern America. Their names hang on street signs, are etched into buildings and are a part of the fabric of history. These men created the American Dream and were the engine of capitalism as they transformed everything they touched in building the oil, rail, steel, shipping, automobile and finance industries. Their paths crossed repeatedly as they elected presidents, set economic policies and influenced major events of the 50 most formative years this country has ever known. From the Civil War to the Great Depression and World War I, they led the way.
www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america
www.history.com/shows/men-who-built-america
Episode 1: A New War Begins
Out of the turmoil of the Civil War, America enters an age of enlightenment that will change the landscape of the country forever. The growth is driven by five insightful men who will change the world forever.
Out of the turmoil of the Civil War, America enters an age of enlightenment that will change the landscape of the country forever. The growth is driven by five insightful men who will change the world forever.
Episode 2: Bloody Battles
As it recovers from the Civil War, America undertakes the largest building phase of the country's history. While much of the growth is driven by railroads and oil, it's built using steel.
As it recovers from the Civil War, America undertakes the largest building phase of the country's history. While much of the growth is driven by railroads and oil, it's built using steel.
Episode 3: Changing the Game
The steel and oil have forever changed the face of America, but they are just the beginning. JP Morgan arrives on the scene and expedites growth through finance.
The steel and oil have forever changed the face of America, but they are just the beginning. JP Morgan arrives on the scene and expedites growth through finance.
Episode 4: When One Ends, Another Begins
Railroads, oil, steel and electricity have all been harnessed in less than 50 years, but the face of America is changing and will never be the same.
Railroads, oil, steel and electricity have all been harnessed in less than 50 years, but the face of America is changing and will never be the same.
Resource: Biography - Cornelius Vanderbilt
Resource: Vanderbilt University, Tales of the Commodore
Resource: Rockefeller Archive Center
Resource: PBS, American Experience - The Rockefellers
Resource: PBS, American Experience - Andrew Carnegie
Resource: Carnegie Corporation of New York
Resource: Columbia University Libraries- Carnegie Collection
Resource: NPS - Carnegie Libraries: The Future Made Bright
Resource: MapStory - Spread of Carnegie Libraries in America: 1890-1921
Resource: Cornell University Libraries - Making of America, 'Wealth' Andrew Carnegie 1889
Resource: History Matters - Carnegie Speaks: A Recording of the Gospel of Wealth
Resource: History.com - J.P. MORGAN
Resource: Smithsonian - J. P. Morgan as Cutthroat Capitalist
Resource: jpmorgan.com
Resource: Henry Ford Heritage Association
Resource: PBS, American Experience - Henry Ford
Resource: LibriVox Audio Book, "My Life and Work" Henry Ford 1922
Resource: Vanderbilt University, Tales of the Commodore
Resource: Rockefeller Archive Center
Resource: PBS, American Experience - The Rockefellers
Resource: PBS, American Experience - Andrew Carnegie
Resource: Carnegie Corporation of New York
Resource: Columbia University Libraries- Carnegie Collection
Resource: NPS - Carnegie Libraries: The Future Made Bright
Resource: MapStory - Spread of Carnegie Libraries in America: 1890-1921
Resource: Cornell University Libraries - Making of America, 'Wealth' Andrew Carnegie 1889
Resource: History Matters - Carnegie Speaks: A Recording of the Gospel of Wealth
Resource: History.com - J.P. MORGAN
Resource: Smithsonian - J. P. Morgan as Cutthroat Capitalist
Resource: jpmorgan.com
Resource: Henry Ford Heritage Association
Resource: PBS, American Experience - Henry Ford
Resource: LibriVox Audio Book, "My Life and Work" Henry Ford 1922
Simple History: Who were the Richest Tycoons in America?
Theme - Westward Expansion
Westward Expansion: Crash Course US History #24
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In which John Green teaches you about the Wild, Wild, West, which as it turns out, wasn't as wild as it seemed in the movies. When we think of the western expansion of the United States in the 19th century, we're conditioned to imagine the loner. The self-reliant, unattached cowpoke roaming the prairie in search of wandering calves, or the half-addled prospector who has broken from reality thanks to the solitude of his single-minded quest for gold dust. While there may be a grain of truth to these classic Hollywood stereotypes, it isn't a very big grain of truth. Many of the pioneers who settled the west were family groups. Many were immigrants. Many were major corporations. The big losers in the westward migration were Native Americans, who were killed or moved onto reservations. Not cool, American pioneers.
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Theme - Urbanization and American Progressivism
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12. Immigration, internal migration and urbanization transformed American life.
Mass immigration at the turn of the 20th century made the country more diverse and transformed American life by filling a demand for workers, diffusing new traits into the American culture and impacting the growth of cities. Many people left their farms for the cities seeking greater job opportunities. The Great Migration marked the mass movement of African Americans who fled the rural South for the urban North. They sought to escape prejudice and discrimination and secure better-paying jobs. They helped transform northern cities economically (e.g., as workers and consumers) and culturally (e.g., art, music, literature). Urbanization transformed the physical nature of cities. Central cities focused on industry and commerce. Buildings became taller and tenement buildings provided housing for working families. Cities acquired additional land as they expanded outward. The crowding of cities led to increased crime with the development of gangs. Improvements in transportation (e.g., trolleys, automobiles) facilitated the development of suburbs. A growing middle class could easily commute between residential areas and the central cities for business and recreation. Resource: NYPL - The Schomburg Center, The African-American Migration Resource: Immigration to the United States Resource: The Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum Resource: NPS - Ellis Island Resource: The Statue of Liberty Foundation Resource: LoC - City Life in the early 19th century Resource: ORE - Infrastructure: Mass Transit in 19th- and 20th |
History through Hollywood
Avalon (1990)
A Polish-Jewish family comes to the USA at the beginning of the Twentieth Century. There, the family and their children try to make themselves a better future in the so-called promised land. Director: Barry Levinson Stars: Aidan Quinn, Elizabeth Perkins, Leo Fuchs 
The Immigrant (1917)
Charlie is an immigrant who endures a challenging voyage and gets into trouble as soon as he arrives in America. Director: Charles Chaplin Stars: Charles Chaplin, Edna Purviance, Eric Campbell, Albert Austin |
Growth, Cities, and Immigration: Crash Course US History #25
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In which John Green teaches you about the massive immigration to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th century. Immigrants flocked to the US from all over the world in this time period. Millions of Europeans moved to the US where they drove the growth of cities and manned the rapid industrialization that was taking place. In the western US many, many Chinese immigrants arrived to work on the railroad and in mines. As is often the case in the United States, the people who already lived in the US reacted kind of badly to this flood of immigrants. Some legislators tried to stem the flow of new arrivals, with mixed success. Grover Cleveland vetoed a general ban on immigration, but the leadership at the time did manage to get together to pass and anti-Chinese immigration law. Immigrants did win some important Supreme Court decisions upholding their rights, but in many ways, immigrants were treated as second class citizens. At the same time, the country was rapidly urbanizing. Cities were growing rapidly and industrial technology was developing new wonders all the time. John will cover all this upheaval and change, and hearken back to a time when racial profiling did in fact boil down to analyzing the side of someone's face.
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America The Story of Us: Why do Immigrants Come to America? |
Business Insider: Animated Map Shows History Of Immigration To The US |
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Skyscrapers and the Statue of Liberty are symbols of the American Dream for millions of immigrants. Urban life introduces a new breed of social ills, set against the backdrop of stunning skylines and ambitious innovations
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In 1607, the English established their first permanent settlement in Jamestown, Virginia. Over the coming centuries, millions of people from around the globe were attracted to this New World that came to be the US for a chance at a better life. Today, more than 1 in 8 Americans are immigrants, and almost all are descendants of those born in foreign lands.
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13. Following Reconstruction, old political and social structures reemerged and racial discrimination was institutionalized.
The removal of federal troops from the South accompanied the end of Reconstruction and helped lead to the restoration of the Democratic Party’s control of state governments. With the redemption of the South, many reforms enacted by Reconstruction governments were repealed.
Racial discrimination was institutionalized with the passage of Jim Crow laws. These state laws and local ordinances included provisions to require racial segregation, prohibit miscegenation, limit ballot access and generally deprive African Americans of civil rights.
Advocates against racial discrimination challenged institutionalized racism through the courts. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed segregation in the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. The rise of the Ku Klux Klan and other nativist organizations brought increased violence against African Americans.
The removal of federal troops from the South accompanied the end of Reconstruction and helped lead to the restoration of the Democratic Party’s control of state governments. With the redemption of the South, many reforms enacted by Reconstruction governments were repealed.
Racial discrimination was institutionalized with the passage of Jim Crow laws. These state laws and local ordinances included provisions to require racial segregation, prohibit miscegenation, limit ballot access and generally deprive African Americans of civil rights.
Advocates against racial discrimination challenged institutionalized racism through the courts. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed segregation in the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. The rise of the Ku Klux Klan and other nativist organizations brought increased violence against African Americans.
Resource: LoC: African American Perspectives
Resource: The Freedman's Bureau Online
Resource: HarpWeek Black History
Resource: NYU LAW - Neglected Voices
Resource: You Don't Have to Ride, Jim Crow!
Resource: Ferris State University - Jim Crow Museum
Resource: Jazz, A Film by Ken Burns, Jim Crow Era
Resource: NPS - Jim Crow Laws
Resource: PBS - The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow
Resource: American RadioWorks - Remembering Jim Crow
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Birth of a Nation, the NAACP, and the Balancing of Rights
Resource: The Freedman's Bureau Online
Resource: HarpWeek Black History
Resource: NYU LAW - Neglected Voices
Resource: You Don't Have to Ride, Jim Crow!
Resource: Ferris State University - Jim Crow Museum
Resource: Jazz, A Film by Ken Burns, Jim Crow Era
Resource: NPS - Jim Crow Laws
Resource: PBS - The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow
Resource: American RadioWorks - Remembering Jim Crow
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Birth of a Nation, the NAACP, and the Balancing of Rights
Sound Smart: Plessy v. Ferguson | HistoryHistorian Yohuru Williams talks about the Plessy v. Ferguson case and its effects on the Civil Rights Movement.
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The Choices Program: What was it like growing up in Alabama under Jim Crow?http://www.choices.edu/civilrights
Congressman John Lewis (D-GA) answers the question "What was it like growing up in Alabama under Jim Crow?" as a part of our curriculum unit on Civil Rights. |
14. The Progressive era was an effort to address the ills of American society stemming from industrial capitalism, urbanization and political corruption.
Industrial capitalism, urbanization and political corruption contributed to many of the problems in American society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Organized movements, such as the Farmers’ Alliances and the Populist Party, were reactions to the effects of industrialization and created a reform agenda which contributed to the rise of Progressivism. Journalists, called muckrakers, exposed political corruption, corporate and industrial practices, social injustice and life in urban America.
Progressives introduced reforms to address the ills associated with industrial capitalism. Their efforts led to antitrust suits (e.g., Northern Securities Company), antitrust legislation (Clayton Antitrust Act), railroad regulation (Hepburn Act), and consumer protection legislation (e.g., Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act). The Federal Reserve Act was passed to control the nation’s money supply and regulate the banking system. Conservation reforms included the creation of the U.S. Forest Service, the National Park Service and the passage of the Newlands Act.
Progressives fought political corruption and introduced reforms to make the political process more democratic (e.g., initiative, referendum, recall, secret ballot, new types of municipal government, civil service reform, primary elections).
Other progressive reforms included:
Resource: Nellie Bly, The Pioneer Woman Journalist
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Kate Chopin's "The Awakening"
Resource: Fraser - Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Resource: The Forest History Society
Resource: National Park System Timeline (Annotated)
Industrial capitalism, urbanization and political corruption contributed to many of the problems in American society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Organized movements, such as the Farmers’ Alliances and the Populist Party, were reactions to the effects of industrialization and created a reform agenda which contributed to the rise of Progressivism. Journalists, called muckrakers, exposed political corruption, corporate and industrial practices, social injustice and life in urban America.
Progressives introduced reforms to address the ills associated with industrial capitalism. Their efforts led to antitrust suits (e.g., Northern Securities Company), antitrust legislation (Clayton Antitrust Act), railroad regulation (Hepburn Act), and consumer protection legislation (e.g., Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act). The Federal Reserve Act was passed to control the nation’s money supply and regulate the banking system. Conservation reforms included the creation of the U.S. Forest Service, the National Park Service and the passage of the Newlands Act.
Progressives fought political corruption and introduced reforms to make the political process more democratic (e.g., initiative, referendum, recall, secret ballot, new types of municipal government, civil service reform, primary elections).
Other progressive reforms included:
- 16th Amendment (power of Congress to levy an income tax);
- 17th Amendment (direct election of U.S. Senators);
- 18th Amendment (prohibition of alcoholic beverages);
- 19th Amendment (women’s suffrage).
Resource: Nellie Bly, The Pioneer Woman Journalist
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Kate Chopin's "The Awakening"
Resource: Fraser - Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Resource: The Forest History Society
Resource: National Park System Timeline (Annotated)
Gilded Age Politics:Crash Course US History #26
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John Green teaches you about the Gilded Age and its politics. What, you may ask, is the Gilded Age? The term comes from a book by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner titled, "The Gilded Age." You may see a pattern emerging here. It started in the 1870s and continued on until the turn of the 20th century. The era is called Gilded because of the massive inequality that existed in the United States. Gilded Age politics were marked by a number of phenomenons, most of them having to do with corruption. On the local and state level, political machines wielded enormous power. John gets into details about the most famous political machine, Tammany Hall. Tammany Hall ran New York City for a long, long time, notably under Boss Tweed. Graft, kickbacks, and voter fraud were rampant, but not just at the local level. Ulysses S. Grant ran one of the most scandalous presidential administrations in U.S. history, and John will tell you about two of the best known scandals, the Credit Mobilier scandal and the Whiskey Ring. There were a few attempts at reform during this time, notably the Civil Service Act of 1883 and the Sherman Anti-trust act of 1890. John will also get into the Grange Movement of the western farmers, and the Populist Party that arose from that movement. The Populists, who threw in their lot with William Jennings Bryan, never managed to get it together and win a presidency, and they faded after 1896. Which brings us to the Progressive Era, which we'll get into next week!
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The Progressive Era: Crash Course US History #27
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John Green teaches you about the Progressive Era in the United States. In the late 19th and early 20th century in America, there was a sense that things could be improved upon. A sense that reforms should be enacted. A sense that progress should be made. As a result, we got the Progressive Era, which has very little to do with automobile insurance, but a little to do with automobiles. All this overlapped with the Gilded Age, and is a little confusing, but here we have it. Basically, people were trying to solve some of the social problems that came with the benefits of industrial capitalism. To oversimplify, there was a competition between the corporations' desire to keep wages low and workers' desire to have a decent life. Improving food safety, reducing child labor, and unions were all on the agenda in the Progressive Era. While progress was being made, and people were becoming more free, these gains were not equally distributed. Jim Crow laws were put in place in the south, and immigrant rights were restricted as well. So once again on Crash Course, things aren't so simple.
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Resource: COMMONLIT: The Progessive Era
Smithsonian: Susan B. Anthony, the Suffragette Superhero |
National Women's History Museum: Women's History Minute: Progressive Era |
Foreign Affairs from Imperialism to Post-World War I
(1898-1930)
Theme - American Imperialism and Global Progressivism
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15. As a result of overseas expansion, the Spanish-American War and World War I, the United States emerged as a world power.
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - The Birth of an American Empire (4 Lessons) Resource: Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-American War Resource: A World Power Resource: The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii Resource: Theodore Roosevelt Association |
History through Hollywood
Rough Riders (1997
TV Movie) Undersecretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt resigns to form a volunteer militia unit called "The Rough Riders" to fight in the Spanish American War. Director: John Milius Stars: Tom Berenger, Sam Elliott, Gary Busey, Brad Johnson |
American Imperialism: Crash Course US History #28
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John Green teaches you about Imperialism. In the late 19th century, the great powers of Europe were running around the world obtaining colonial possessions, especially in Africa and Asia. The United States, which as a young country was especially suceptible to peer pressure, followed along and snapped up some colonies of its own. The US saw that Spain's hold on its empire was weak, and like some kind of expansionist predator, it jumped into the Cuban War for Independence and turned it into the Spanish-Cuban-Phillipino-American War, which usually just gets called the Spanish-American War. John will tell you how America turned this war into colonial possessions like Puerto Rico, The Philippines, and almost even got to keep Cuba. The US was busy in the Pacific as well, wresting control of Hawaii from the Hawaiians. All this and more in a globe-trotting, oppressing episode of Crash Course US History.
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Crucible of Empire: The Spanish American War
When a declining Spain, beset by rebellion abroad, fell to American expansionism, the United States inherited her colonies and suddenly emerged as a world power. The experience and questions that the Spanish-American War raised about foreign intervention echo throughout the 20th century—as recent events in Kosovo show. Even in its own time, the war with Spain was understood as a turning point in American history.
The Ku`e anti-annexation petitions of 1897
Published on Jan 16, 2013
When the self-proclaimed Republic of Hawai`i, made up of traitors who had engineered a coup d'etat against Queen Lili`uokalani and her government, attempted a treaty of annexation to the United States, loyal Hawaiian Kingdom subjects voiced their opposition. Traveling by foot, horse, train and inter-island steamship, the men and women of the Hui Aloha `Aina gathered the signatures of virtually every adult citizen of the islands in a "monster petition" that was delivered to Congress. The treaty was defeated.
This is a clip from the program "Aloha Quest - Part One," a one hour program covering various historical events in Hawai`i from 1840 through 1898
When the self-proclaimed Republic of Hawai`i, made up of traitors who had engineered a coup d'etat against Queen Lili`uokalani and her government, attempted a treaty of annexation to the United States, loyal Hawaiian Kingdom subjects voiced their opposition. Traveling by foot, horse, train and inter-island steamship, the men and women of the Hui Aloha `Aina gathered the signatures of virtually every adult citizen of the islands in a "monster petition" that was delivered to Congress. The treaty was defeated.
This is a clip from the program "Aloha Quest - Part One," a one hour program covering various historical events in Hawai`i from 1840 through 1898
Megastructures Panama Canal - Extreme Engineering (2018 Documentary)
The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus
Progressive Presidents: Crash Course US History #29
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John Green teaches you about the Progressive Presidents, who are not a super-group of former presidents who create complicated, symphonic, rock soundscapes that transport you into a fantasy fugue state. Although that would be awesome. The presidents most associated with the Progressive Era are Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. During the times these guys held office, trusts were busted, national parks were founded, social programs were enacted, and tariffs were lowered. It wasn't all positive though, as their collective tenure also saw Latin America invaded A LOT, a split in the Republican party that resulted in a Bull Moose, all kinds of other international intervention, and the end of the Progressive Era saw the United States involved in World War. If all this isn't enough to entice, I will point out that two people get shot in this video. Violence sells, they say.
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Theme - The United States in World War I
America in World War I: Crash Course US History #30
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John Green teaches you about American involvement in World War I, which at the time was called the Great War. They didn't know there was going to be a second one, though they probably should have guessed, 'cause this one didn't wrap up very neatly. So, the United States stayed out of World War I at first, because Americans were in an isolationist mood in the early 20th century. That didn't last though, as the affronts piled up and drew the US into the war. Spoiler alert: the Lusitania was sunk two years before we joined the war, so that wasn't the sole cause for our jumping in. It was part of it though, as was the Zimmerman telegram, unrestricted submarine warfare, and our affinity for the Brits. You'll learn the war's effects on the home front, some of Woodrow Wilson's XIV Points, and just how the war ended up expanding the power of the government in Americans' lives.
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16. After WWI, the United States pursued efforts to maintain peace in the world. However, as a result of the national debate over the Versailles Treaty ratification and the League of Nations, the United States moved away from the role of world peacekeeper and limited its involvement in international affairs.
Resource: NEH EDSITEment - The Debate in the United States over the League of Nations (3 Lessons)
Resource: Postwar Disillusionment and the Quest for Peace, 1921-1929
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Woodrow Wilson and Foreign Policy (4 Lessons)
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - From Neutrality to War: The United States and Europe, 1921–1941 (4 Lessons)
Resource: University of Oxford - History of the League of Nations
- After WWI, the United States emerged as a world leader and pursued efforts to maintain peace in the world. President Wilson’s efforts partially helped shape the Treaty of Versailles, but debate over its terms and efforts to avoid foreign entanglements led to its defeat in the Senate and the United States’ decision not to join the League of Nations.
- Desires to avoid another major war led to treaties addressing arms limitation and territorial expansion (Four-, Five- and Nine-Power Treaties). In 1928, the United States signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact to prohibit war as “an instrument of national policy.” In taking a leading role in these later treaties, the United States sought to limit its involvement in international affairs
Resource: NEH EDSITEment - The Debate in the United States over the League of Nations (3 Lessons)
Resource: Postwar Disillusionment and the Quest for Peace, 1921-1929
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Woodrow Wilson and Foreign Policy (4 Lessons)
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - From Neutrality to War: The United States and Europe, 1921–1941 (4 Lessons)
Resource: University of Oxford - History of the League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was among the statesmen who gathered in France in June 1919 to sign the Treaty of Versailles, an agreement that did little to heal the wounds of World War I and set the stage for World War II. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-...Versailles?source=youtube_18879
War has been Outlawed, time to pay attention!
Kellogg-Briand Pact, agreement, signed Aug. 27, 1928, condemning "recourse to war for the solution of international controversies." It is more properly known as the Pact of Paris. In June, 1927, Aristide Briand, foreign minister of France, proposed to the U.S. government a treaty outlawing war between the two countries. Frank B. Kellogg, the U.S. Secretary of State, returned a proposal for a general pact against war, and after prolonged negotiations the Pact of Paris was signed by 15 nations—Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, the Irish Free State, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, and the United States. The contracting parties agreed that settlement of all conflicts, no matter of what origin or nature, that might arise among them should be sought only by pacific means and that war was to be renounced as an instrument of national policy. Although 62 nations ultimately ratified the pact, its effectiveness was vitiated by its failure to provide measures of enforcement
Prosperity, Depression and
the New Deal
(1919-1941)
Theme - Post-war Years:
The Roaring 20s and Social Unrest
17. Racial intolerance, anti-immigrant attitudes and the Red Scare contributed to social unrest after World War I.
Resource: The New York Library - The African-American Migration Experience
Resource: Up from the Bottoms: The Search for the American Dream
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - African-American Soldiers After World War I: Had Race Relations Changed?
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - NAACP's Anti-Lynching Campaigns: The Quest for Social Justice... (2 Lessons)
Resource: Library of Congress - Political Cartoons
Resource: Editorial Cartoons of J.N. "Ding" Darling
Resource: University of Washington - The Ku Klux Klan In Washington State, 1920s
Resource: Baruch College - Red Scare (1918-1921) is an Image Database by Leo Robert Klein
- The Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities heightened racial tensions there and led to a series of urban race riots in 1919. Lynchings and the enforcement of Jim Crow legislation continued in the South during the post-war era. Racial intolerance also was seen in the revival of the Ku Klux Klan across the United States.
- An increase in immigration to the United States from southern and eastern Europe preceded World War I. Nativism after the war was reflected in the passage of immigration quotas. Intolerance toward immigrants, Catholics and Jews was exhibited by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.
- The success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia followed by post-war labor strikes and a series of bombs sent to public and business officials in the United States stirred fears of revolution among Americans. The Red Scare of 1919-1920 was a reaction to these perceived threats and led to the incarceration and deportation of many aliens
Resource: The New York Library - The African-American Migration Experience
Resource: Up from the Bottoms: The Search for the American Dream
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - African-American Soldiers After World War I: Had Race Relations Changed?
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - NAACP's Anti-Lynching Campaigns: The Quest for Social Justice... (2 Lessons)
Resource: Library of Congress - Political Cartoons
Resource: Editorial Cartoons of J.N. "Ding" Darling
Resource: University of Washington - The Ku Klux Klan In Washington State, 1920s
Resource: Baruch College - Red Scare (1918-1921) is an Image Database by Leo Robert Klein
Up South: African-American Migration in the Era of the Great War
During World War I, tens of thousands of African Americans fled the South. In Up South, a Mississippi barber and a sharecropper woman tell how they organized groups to escape Jim Crow laws, lynchings, and forced labor. The promise of freedom and full citizenship drew them to Chicago. Once there, the migrants faced poor housing, discrimination on the job, and racial violence. They responded by forming women's clubs, engaging in political campaigns, and creating the "New Negro" movement. (Length: 30 minutes)
*Also available in Spanish
*Also available in Spanish
18. An improved standard of living for many, combined with technological innovations in communication, transportation and industry, resulted in social and cultural changes and tensions.
Resource: Life Without Technology
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Carl Sandburg's "Chicago": Bringing a Great City Alive
Resource: Henry Ford and the Model T: A Case Study in Productivity
Resource: The Henry Ford
Resource: PBS, American Experience - Henry Ford
- Following World War I, the United States experienced a period of successful advances in industry and an economic boom that improved the standards of living for many Americans. Technological innovations in communication included commercial radio broadcasts, talking motion pictures, and wider circulation of newspapers and magazines. These innovations influenced the development of a popular culture and mass advertising.
- Advances in transportation during this era include the Model A Ford and the airplane. In industry, mass production techniques continued to make factory production more efficient. These developments also contributed to an improved standard of living.
- These innovations brought change. But some changes challenged conventional social mores and created tensions. For example, increased automobile ownership contributed to the growth of suburbs, the creation of new businesses (e.g., motels, gas stations) and the expansion of others (e.g., rubber, plate glass, petroleum, steel). New surfaced roads were constructed to accommodate increased traffic. But use of the automobile also challenged traditional family values and tried the patience of travelers. Young people used cars to exercise freedom from parental rules. Increased numbers of commuters had to face the problems of traffic congestion
Resource: Life Without Technology
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Carl Sandburg's "Chicago": Bringing a Great City Alive
Resource: Henry Ford and the Model T: A Case Study in Productivity
Resource: The Henry Ford
Resource: PBS, American Experience - Henry Ford
1916 Highland Park Assembly Line 221196-09
If you wish to acquire broadcast quality material of this reel or want to know more about our Public Domain collection, contact us at info@footagefarm.co.uk
[Highland Park Assembly Line, '20s; Wilson, Ford & Ferris, 1916; Crowds; Model T; Plane; Driving]
[Highland Park Assembly Line, '20s; Wilson, Ford & Ferris, 1916; Crowds; Model T; Plane; Driving]
Simple History: Ford Model T (Mass Produced Car)
19. Movements such as the Harlem Renaissance, African-American migration, women’s suffrage and Prohibition all contributed to social change.
Resource: Teaching With Documents: The Volstead Act and Related Prohibition Documents
Resource: PBS - Prohibition, A Film by Ken Burns & Lynn Novick
Resource: Teaching With Documents: Woman Suffrage and the 19th Amendment
Resource: Voting Rights for Women: Pro- and Anti-Suffrage
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Women's Suffrage: Why the West First?
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wall-paper"—The "New Woman"
Resource: The Roaring 20s
Resource: PBS - Jazz, A Film by Ken Burns
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Jazz and World War II: A Rally to Resistance, A Catalyst for Victory
- The Harlem Renaissance was a celebration of African American culture and contributed to social change. The themes of African American art and literature gave pride to people of African heritage and increased awareness of the struggles related to intolerance and life in large urban centers. Jazz flourished during the Harlem Renaissance and became an established American music genre.
- The large numbers of African Americans moving to northern cities during the Great Migration increased competition for jobs, housing and public services. The movement to give women suffrage saw the fruition of its goal with the passage of the 19th Amendment.
- The change brought more women into the political process, eventually including women running for public office. Prohibition had mixed results. Establishments that openly sold liquor closed their doors.
- Prohibition lacked popular support. It further divided the nation along secularist/ fundamentalist, rural/urban and modern/traditional lines. It led to speakeasies and increased organized crime. The law was difficult to enforce and was repealed with the 21st Amendment.
Resource: Teaching With Documents: The Volstead Act and Related Prohibition Documents
Resource: PBS - Prohibition, A Film by Ken Burns & Lynn Novick
Resource: Teaching With Documents: Woman Suffrage and the 19th Amendment
Resource: Voting Rights for Women: Pro- and Anti-Suffrage
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Women's Suffrage: Why the West First?
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wall-paper"—The "New Woman"
Resource: The Roaring 20s
Resource: PBS - Jazz, A Film by Ken Burns
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Jazz and World War II: A Rally to Resistance, A Catalyst for Victory
Women's Suffrage: Crash Course US History #31
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John Green teaches you about American women in the Progressive Era and, well, the progress they made. So the big deal is, of course, the right to vote women gained when the 19th amendment was passed and ratified. But women made a lot of other gains in the 30 years between 1890 and 1920. More women joined the workforce, they acquired lots of other legal rights related to property, and they also became key consumers in the industrial economy. Women also continued to play a vital role in reform movements. Sadly, they got Prohibition enacted in the US, but they did a lot of good stuff, too. The field of social work emerged as women like Jane Addams created settlement houses to assist immigrants in their integration into the United States. Women also began to work to make birth control widely available. You'll learn about famous reformers and activists like Alice Paul, Margaret Sanger, and Emma Goldman, among others.
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Mini Bio: Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes was the leading voice of the Harlem Renaissance, whose poetry showcased the dignity and beauty in ordinary black life. The hours he spent in Harlem clubs affected his work, making him one of the innovators of Jazz Poetry.
The Roaring 20's: Crash Course US History #32
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John Green teaches you about the United States in the 1920s. They were known as the roaring 20s, but not because there were lions running around everywhere. In the 1920s, America's economy was booming, and all kinds of social changes were in progress. Hollywood, flappers, jazz, there was all kinds of stuff going on in the 20s. But as usual with Crash Course, things were about to take a turn for the worse. John will teach you about the Charleston, the many Republican presidents of the 1920s, laissez-faire capitalism, jazz, consumer credit, the resurgent Klan, and all kinds of other stuff.
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20. The Great Depression was caused, in part, by the federal government’s monetary policies, stock market speculation and increasing consumer debt. The role of the federal government expanded as a result of the Great Depression.
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment- FDR: Fireside Chats, the New Deal... (5 Lessons) Resource: PBS American Experience - The Crash of 1929 Resource: PBS - The Dust Bowl, A Film by Ken Burns Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Dust Bowl Days Resource: The GilderLehrman Institute - Wall Street Crash of 1929 Resource: Where Did All the Money Go? The Great Depression Mystery Resource: Economics of the New Deal Resource: The History Channel - The Great Depression Resource: American Memory Resource: The Great Depression and the Federal Government Resource: The 1930s: Drastic Times Call For Drastic Measures Resource: The Smithsonian - Picturing the Thirties Resource: UVA - America in the 1930s Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - "Esperanza Rising" Resource: FDR Prersidental Library and Museum Resource: Hyperhistory - Timelines of The Great Depression Resource: The Living New Deal Resource: Smithsonian - 1934 A New Deal for Artists Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Depression-Era Photographs Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Folklore in Zora Neale Hurston's... Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - John Steinbeck’s “The Grapes of Wrath” Resource: Our Documents - National Recovery Act (1933) Resource: LoC - FDR and the New Deal 1933-1945 Resource: Smithsonian - FDR Clashed with the Supreme Court – and Lost Resource: EH - Great Depression Resource: PBS American Experience - Seabiscuit Resource: YouTube - Seabiscuit vs. War Admiral - 1938 Match Race Resource: James J. Braddock Resource: Woody Guthrie Resource: LoC - Woody Guthrie and the Archive of American Folk Song Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird"... Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - "To Kill A Mockingbird" and the Scottsboro Boys... |
History through Hollywood
Cinderella Man (2005)The story of James Braddock, a supposedly washed-up boxer who came back to become a champion and an inspiration in the 1930s.
Director: Ron Howard Stars: Russell Crowe, Renée Zellweger, Craig Bierko, Paul Giamatti 
Seabiscuit (2003)
True story of the undersized Depression-era racehorse whose victories lifted not only the spirits of the team behind it but also those of their nation. Director: Gary Ross Stars: Tobey Maguire, Jeff Bridges, Elizabeth Banks, Chris Cooper 
In Dubious Battle (2016)
An activist gets caught up in the labor movement for farm workers in California during the 1930s. Director: James Franco Stars: Nat Wolff, James Franco, Vincent D'Onofrio Other Great Depression Films:
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Theme - The Great Depression
The Great Depression: Crash Course US History #33
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John Green teaches you about the Great Depression. So, everybody knows that the Great Depression started with the stock market crash in 1929, right? Not exactly. The Depression happened after the stock market crash, but wasn't caused by the crash. John will teach you about how the depression started, what Herbert Hoover tried to do to fix it, and why those efforts failed.
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Stories from the Great Depression
The National Archives Southeast Region presents stories from survivors of the Great Depression overlaid with powerful pictures from era.
The New Deal: Crash Course US History #34
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John Green teaches you about the New Deal, which was president Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to pull the united States out of the Great Depression of the 1930's. Did it work? Maybe. John will teach you about some of the most effective and some of the best known programs of the New Deal. They weren't always the same thing. John will tell you who supported the New Deal, and who opposed it. He'll also get into how the New Deal changed the relationship between the government and citizens, and will even reveal just how the Depression ended. (hint: it was war spending)
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From Isolation to World War
(1930-1945)
21. During the 1930s, the U.S. government attempted to distance the country from earlier interventionist policies in the Western Hemisphere as well as retain an isolationist approach to events in Europe and Asia until the beginning of WWII.
- Following World War I, the United States was reluctant to become entangled in overseas conflicts that would lead to another war. Although it had used the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary to justify intervention into Latin American affairs, the U.S. retreated from these policies during the1930s with the Good Neighbor Policy.
- The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were attempts to isolate the country from the problems erupting in Asia and Europe.
- The United States tried to maintain its isolationist approach when war broke out in Europe. But to aid countries fighting against fascist aggression, the United States introduced the cash-and-carry policy, negotiated the destroyer-for-bases agreement and enacted the Lend-Lease Policy. It also helped write the Atlantic Charter. The expansionist policies of Japan and the bombing of Pearl Harbor ended U.S. isolationist policies.
Lend-Lease
Roosevelt's Lend-lease plan -- which promised the return of American weapons after England used them -- "was patent nonsense," according to historian Robert Dallek. "What were the British going to do, give us the tanks back that were blown up, the planes that were shot down?"
December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor
The attack on the Pacific fleet based at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 by Japanese fighters, bombers, and torpoedo bombers would forever change history and America's role in the world. Here is a feature recalling the attack and its impact on the lives of those who experienced it first hand as well as those who found out about it through news broadcasts.
The Central Florida WW2 Museum
The Central Florida WW2 Museum
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - From Neutrality to War: The United States and Europe, 1921–1941 (4 Lessons)
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - The Road to Pearl Harbor: The United States and East Asia, 1915–1941 (4 Lessons)
Resource: DOS - Good Neighbor Policy, 1933
Resource: The Gilder Lehrman Institute - Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy, 1936
Resource: Digital History - Neutrality Act of 1936
Resource: PBS, American Experience - FDR, Primary Resources: The Neutrality Act of 1937
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Legislating Neutrality, 1934–1939
Resource: Foreign Affairs - Cash and Carry Neutrality by Allen W. Dulles
Resource: DOS - The Atlantic Conference & Charter, 1941
Resource: Yale Law School, The Avalon Project - The Atlantic Conference
Resource: Yale Law School, The Avalon Project - Atlantic Charter
Resource: NHHC - Overview of The Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941
Resource: University of Hawaii - Hawaii War Records Depository
Resource: British Pathe - Pearl Harbour - First Pictures
Resource: YouTube - Movietone exclusive! Bombing of Pearl Harbour - 1941
Resource: Critical Past - Pearl Harbor bombed by Japanese during World War II
Resource: World War II Database - US Navy Report of Japanese Raid on Pearl Harbor
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - The Road to Pearl Harbor: The United States and East Asia, 1915–1941 (4 Lessons)
Resource: DOS - Good Neighbor Policy, 1933
Resource: The Gilder Lehrman Institute - Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy, 1936
Resource: Digital History - Neutrality Act of 1936
Resource: PBS, American Experience - FDR, Primary Resources: The Neutrality Act of 1937
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Legislating Neutrality, 1934–1939
Resource: Foreign Affairs - Cash and Carry Neutrality by Allen W. Dulles
Resource: DOS - The Atlantic Conference & Charter, 1941
Resource: Yale Law School, The Avalon Project - The Atlantic Conference
Resource: Yale Law School, The Avalon Project - Atlantic Charter
Resource: NHHC - Overview of The Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941
Resource: University of Hawaii - Hawaii War Records Depository
Resource: British Pathe - Pearl Harbour - First Pictures
Resource: YouTube - Movietone exclusive! Bombing of Pearl Harbour - 1941
Resource: Critical Past - Pearl Harbor bombed by Japanese during World War II
Resource: World War II Database - US Navy Report of Japanese Raid on Pearl Harbor
Theme - The United States in
World War II
World War II Part 1: Crash Course US History #35
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John Green teaches you about World War II, a subject so big, it takes up two episodes. This week, John will teach you how the United States got into the war, and just how involved America was before Congress actually declared war. John will actually talk a little about the military tactics involved, and he'll get into some of the weaponry involved, specifically the huge amount of aerial bombing that characterized the war, and the atomic bombs that ended the war in the Pacific.
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World War II Part 2 - The Homefront: Crash Course US History #36
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John Green teaches you about World War 2, as it was lived on the home front. You'll learn about how the war changed the country as a whole, and changed how Americans thought about their country. John talks about the government control of war production, and how the war probably helped to end the Great Depression. A broader implementation of the income tax, the growth of large corporations, and the development of the West Coast as a manufacturing center were also results of the war. The war positivelychanged the roles of women and African Americans, but it was pretty terrible for the Japanese Americans who were interred in camps. In short, World War II changed America's role in the world, changed American life at home, and eventually spawned the History Channel.
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22. The United States mobilization of its economic and military resources during World War II brought significant changes to American society.
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - FDR's "Four Freedoms" Speech
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - American Diplomacy in World War II (4 Lessons)
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - The United States in World War II: "The Proper Application of Overwhelming Force" (4 Lessons)
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - On the Home Front
Resource: Memorandum Regarding the Enlistment of Navajo Indians
Resource: Navajo Code Talkers
Resource: Oklahoma Historical Society - Code Talkers
Resource: Documents and Photographs Related to Japanese Relocation During World War II
Resource: Japanese American Internment
- The mobilization of the United States to a wartime economy during World War II was massive. The federal government reorganized existing plants to produce goods and services for the war effort and instituted policies to ration and redirect resources.
- Mobilization caused major impacts on the lives of Americans. A peacetime draft was instituted in 1940 to supplement military enlistments. Scrap drives were conducted to reallocate materials for war goods. Regulations were imposed on some wages and prices. Some products were subjected to rationing. Citizens raised victory gardens to supplement food supplies and purchased war bonds to help fund the war. Some labor unions signed no-strike pledges.
- Job opportunities in the civilian workforce and in the military opened for women and minorities. African Americans organized to end discrimination and segregation so that they could contribute to the war effort. Although Japanese Americans were interned in relocation camps by the U.S. government, many enlisted in the armed services.
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - FDR's "Four Freedoms" Speech
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - American Diplomacy in World War II (4 Lessons)
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - The United States in World War II: "The Proper Application of Overwhelming Force" (4 Lessons)
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - On the Home Front
Resource: Memorandum Regarding the Enlistment of Navajo Indians
Resource: Navajo Code Talkers
Resource: Oklahoma Historical Society - Code Talkers
Resource: Documents and Photographs Related to Japanese Relocation During World War II
Resource: Japanese American Internment
Navajo Code Talkers
Native Americans from the American southwest were vital to Allied victories during WWII.
American Artifacts: World War II Relocation of South American Japanese
During a tour of the Japanese American National Museum, docent Bill Shishima tells the story of the Crystal City, Texas enemy alien camp.
The Cold War
(1945-1991)
Theme - The Cold War
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23. Use of atomic weapons changed the nature of war, altered the balance of power and began the nuclear age.
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1949 (3 Lessons)
Resource: Atomic Archive Resource: DOE - Manhattan Project Signature Facilities Resource: ALSOS Digital Library for Nuclear Issues Resource: American Museum of Science & Energy Resource: National Museum of Nuclear Science & History Resource: ORNL, Swords to Plowshares (PDF) Resource: Harry S. Truman Library, The Decision to Drop the Bomb Resource: PBS American Experience, Race for the Superbomb Resource: Voices of the survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki Resource: Recorded Testimony of A-bomb Survivors Resource: Saga University, The Medical Effects of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing Resource: Google Earth - Nagasaki Archive Resource: Nagasaki City - Peace & Atomic Bomb Resource: Google Earth - Hiroshima Archive Resource: Mapping - Hiroshima Archive Resource: Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum Resource: Nuclear Files Resource: International Atomic Energy Agency |
History through Hollywood
Fat Man and Little Boy (1989)
This film reenacts the Manhattan Project, the secret wartime project in New Mexico where the first atomic bombs were designed and built. Director: Roland Joffé Stars: Paul Newman, Dwight Schultz, Bonnie Bedelia 
The Atomic Cafe (1982)
Disturbing collection of 1940s and 1950s United States government issued propaganda films designed to reassure Americans that the atomic bomb was not a threat to their safety. Directors: Jayne Loader, Kevin Rafferty, Pierce Rafferty Stars: Paul Tibbets, Harry S. Truman, W.H.P. Blandy, Brien McMahon |
The Cold War: Crash Course US History #37
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John Green teaches you about the Cold War, which was the decades long conflict between the USA and the USSR. The Cold War was called cold because of the lack of actual fighting, but this is inaccurate. There was plenty of fighting, from Korea to Viet Nam to Afghanistan, but we'll get into that stuff next week. This week we'll talk about how the Cold War started. In short it grew out of World War II. Basically, the Soviets occupied eastern Europe, and the US supported western Europe. This setup would spill across the world, with client states on both sides. It's all in the video. You should just watch it.
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Hiroshima: Dropping the Bomb
Hear first-hand accounts from the air and ground, re-telling every memory from the day the world first witnessed the horrors of atomic warfare.
24. The United States followed a policy of containment during the Cold War in response to the spread of communism.
Resource: The United States Enters the Korean Conflict
Resource: Dwight D. Eisenhower Library - The Korean War
Resource: Grand Valley State University Veteran's History Project
Resource: korean-war.com
- The policy of containment began in the late 1940s to halt the spread of communism in Europe and Asia. It became the policy of the United States for decades.
- Following World War II, most of the eastern Europe countries had communist governments and were under Soviet control. The Chinese Revolution ushered in a communist government.
- In Europe, the Marshall Plan and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were efforts to contain communism. In Asia, the policy of containment was the basis for U.S. involvement in the Korean and Vietnam wars
Resource: The United States Enters the Korean Conflict
Resource: Dwight D. Eisenhower Library - The Korean War
Resource: Grand Valley State University Veteran's History Project
Resource: korean-war.com
Seeing the Victory Through: The 50th Anniversary of the Marshall Plan
roduced by USAID in 1997, this video celebrates the 50th Anniversary of the Marshall Plan.
25. The Second Red Scare and McCarthyism reflected Cold War fears in American society.
Resource: The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy
Resource: UC Berkeley - "Political Tests for Professors: Academic Freedom during the McCarthy Years"
Resource: Center for Constitutional Rights - McCarthy Era Blacklist Victims
Resource: Dwight D. Eisenhower Library - McCarthyism/The "Red Scare"
- The actions of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe and the spread of communism in Asia sparked fears among many Americans. A second Red Scare focused attention on the media, labor unions, universities and other organizations as targets of communist subversion.
- Like the first Red Scare following World War I, civil liberties were again challenged. The investigations of the House UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC) prompted employers to blacklist suspected communists, including actors and writers.
- Senator Joseph McCarthy played on fears of subversion with his charges of communists infiltrating the U.S. government. The McCarthy hearings and HUAC investigations held the attention of the American people through the middle 1950s
Resource: The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy
Resource: UC Berkeley - "Political Tests for Professors: Academic Freedom during the McCarthy Years"
Resource: Center for Constitutional Rights - McCarthy Era Blacklist Victims
Resource: Dwight D. Eisenhower Library - McCarthyism/The "Red Scare"
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26. The Cold War and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam influenced domestic and international politics.
Resource: Harvard Kennedy School - The Cuban Missle Crisis Resource: Wilson Center - Cuban Missile Crisis Resource: NEH EDSITEment - The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Resource: Vietnam War Bibliography by Richard Jensen Resource: History Commons - Timeline US-Vietnam (1947-2001) Resource: UC Berkeley Library Sound Recording Project - Vietnam War Resource: PBS American Experience - Vietnam War Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Revolution '67 Protest: Why and How Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Revolution '67 How Do We Know? Resource: National Archives - Pentagon Papers |
History through Hollywood
Thirteen Days (2000)
A dramatization of President Kennedy's administration's struggle to contain the Cuban Missile Crisis in October of 1962. (145 mins.) Director: Roger Donaldson Stars: Kevin Costner, Bruce Greenwood, Shawn Driscoll, Drake Cook 
October Sky (1999)
The true story of Homer Hickam, a coal miner's son who was inspired by the first Sputnik launch to take up rocketry against his father's wishes. Director: Joe Johnston Stars: Jake Gyllenhaal, Chris Cooper, Laura Dern |
The Cold War in Asia: Crash Course US History #38
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John Green teaches you about the Cold War as it unfolded in Asia. As John pointed out last week, the Cold War was occasionally hot, and a lot of that heat was generated in Asia. This is starting to sound weird with the hot/cold thing, so let's just say that the United States struggle against communist expansion escalated to full-blown, boots on the ground war in Korea and Vietnam. In both of these cases, the United States sent soldiers to intervene in civil wars that it looked like communists might win. That's a bit of a simplification, but John will explain it all to you.
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Welcome to The Armageddon Letters HD
Director: Joe McCauley | http://www.armageddonletters.com | https://twitter.com/armageddontweet | Executive Producer: Don Morrison | Producer + Creator: Koji Masutani | Producers: janet M. Lang + James G. Blight | (C) 2012 The Balsillie School of International Affairs
http://www.facebook.com/armageddonlet...
http://choices.edu/missilecrisis
http://www.facebook.com/armageddonlet...
http://choices.edu/missilecrisis
Got Fear? HD
Director: Matthieu Van Eeckhout | http://www.armageddonletters.com | https://twitter.com/armageddontweet | Executive Producer: Don Morrison | Producer + Creator: Koji Masutani | Producers: janet M. Lang + James G. Blight | (C) 2014 Koji Masutani
https://www.facebook.com/armageddonle...
http://www.choices.edu/missilecrisis
https://www.facebook.com/armageddonle...
http://www.choices.edu/missilecrisis
Ted ED: The history of the Cuban Missile Crisis - Matthew A. Jordan
Imagine going about your life knowing that, at any given moment, you and everyone you know could be wiped out without warning at the push of a button. This was the reality for millions of people during the forty-five year period after World War II now known as the Cold War. Matthew A. Jordan explains the history behind the peak of all this panic — the thirteen days of the Cuban Missile Cris
27. The collapse of communist governments in Eastern Europe and the USSR brought an end to the Cold War.
Resource: The Cold War Museum
Resource: Virtual Exhibits on Communism
- There were multiple causes for the collapse of communist governments in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The effect of these was the reduction of the tensions between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. that characterized the Cold War period. Several communist governments in Eastern Europe gave up power following mass demonstrations for democracy. The collapse of the Soviet Union resulted in independent republics that moved to institute democratic reforms and introduce free-market economies. This brought an end to the Cold War era.
- The political and economic turmoil occurring in some of the new governments posed new challenges for the United States. The U.S. supported economic and education reforms by providing assistance to some of the former communist countries.
Resource: The Cold War Museum
Resource: Virtual Exhibits on Communism
Social Transformations in the United States
(1945-1994)
Theme - The U.S. in the 1950s
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28. Following World War II, the United States experienced a struggle for racial and gender equality and the extension of civil rights.
Resource: Hispanics in the U.S. Army Resource: Hispanic Americans in the U.S. Army Resource: UT at Austin - Latinos and Latinas & WWII Oral History Project Resource: Native Americans in World War II by Thomas D. Morgan Resource: Native Americans in the U.S. Army Resource: Justice and the Jim Crow Laws Resource: The March on Washington and Its Impact Resource: Civil Rights Greensboro Resource: Digital History - Civil Rights Voices Resource: UGA - Civil Rights Digital Library Resource: NAACP Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - "A Raisin in the Sun" Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Dr. King's Dream Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Martin Luther King, Jr., and Nonviolence Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - JFK, Freedom Riders... Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - JFK, LBJ, and the Fight... Resource: SCLC History Resource: Duke University - SNCC Legacy Project Resource: NUL History Resource: UFW Resource: UC San Diego Library - Farmworker Movement Document Project Resource: UW - Farm Workers in Washington State History Project Resource: Ohio Farm Bureau Resource: American Indian Movement Resource: American Indian Movement Interpretive Center Resource: Cleveland American Indian Movement Resource: Taking AIM, The Story of the American Indian Movement Resource: NOW Resource: Women for Women International |
History through Hollywood
Selma (2014)
A chronicle of Martin Luther King's campaign to secure equal voting rights via an epic march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama in 1965. Director: Ava DuVernay Stars: David Oyelowo, Carmen Ejogo, Tim Roth 
Mississippi Burning (1988)
Two FBI agents with wildly different styles arrive in Mississippi to investigate the disappearance of some civil rights activists. Director: Alan Parker Stars: Gene Hackman, Willem Dafoe, Frances McDormand 
Cesar Chavez (2014)
A biography of the civil-rights activist and labor organizer Cesar Chavez. Director: Diego Luna Stars: Michael Peña, America Ferrera, Rosario Dawson |
Resource: USC, Gould School of Law - A Brief history of Jim Crow Laws
*Identified and recommended by Ms. Lynwood and her 5th graders reading, To Kill a Mockingbird
Civil Rights and the 1950s: Crash Course US History #39
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John Green teaches you about the early days of the Civil Rights movement. By way of providing context for this, John also talks a bit about wider America in the 1950s. The 1950s are a deeply nostalgic period for many Americans, but there is more than a little idealizing going on here. The 1950s were a time of economic expansion, new technologies, and a growing middle class. America was becoming a suburban nation thanks to cookie-cutter housing developments like the Levittowns. While the white working class saw their wages and status improve, the proverbial rising tide wasn't lifting all proverbial ships. A lot of people were excluded from the prosperity of the 1950s. Segregation in housing and education made for some serious inequality for African Americans. As a result, the Civil Rights movement was born. John will talk about the early careers of Martin Luther King, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, and even Earl Warren. He'll teach you about Brown v Board of Education, and the lesser known Mendez vs Westminster, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and all kinds of other stuff.
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The New Jim Crow Museum
Tour the Jim Crow museum with founder and curator, Dr. David Pilgrim. Dr. Pilgrim discusses some of the major themes of the Jim Crow Museum. Jim Crow was not just a character or a set of "laws", it was a system that built upon itself to create and sustain a society with a racial hierarchy.
29. The postwar economic boom, greatly affected by advances in science, produced epic changes in American life.
The United States experienced an era of unprecedented prosperity and economic growth following World War II. Contributing to this prosperity was public demand for goods and services. The demand for housing and automobile ownership spurred the growth of suburbs. Economic opportunities in defense plants and high-tech industries led to the growth of the Sunbelt.
Postwar prosperity produced some other epic changes (e.g., baby boom, increased consumerism, increased mobility via automobiles, pop culture, franchising and longer life spans).
Advances in science following the war also impacted American life. Examples include:
- Medicine (e.g., polio vaccine, birth control pill, artificial heart valve, open-heart bypass, organ transplant, genetic engineering);
- Communication (e.g., transistor, television, computers, Internet, mobile phones);
- Nuclear energy (e.g., atomic weapons, nuclear power plants); and
- Transportation (e.g., passenger jet airplanes, catalytic converters in cars).
Resource: College of Physicians of Philadelphia - Timeline of Polio
Resource: PBS- On the Edge Paralyzing Polio
Resource: Polio Global Eradication Initative
Resource: National Museum of Nuclear Science & History
Resource: Atomic Archive
30. The continuing population flow from cities to suburbs, the internal migrations from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt and the increase in immigration resulting from passage of the 1965 Immigration Act have had social and political effects.
Resource: The Growth of the Suburbs – and the Racial Wealth Gap
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Building Suburbia: Highways and Housing in Postwar America
Resource: Immigrant Voices
- The postwar movement from cities to suburbs had social and political effects. The cities became predominately black and poor, and strongly Democratic. The suburbs were mainly white and leaned Republican. The decaying environment and the low employment opportunities in large cities contributed to urban riots in the 1960s.
- The employment opportunities in defense plants and hightech industries located in the South and California led to the growth of the Sunbelt. This development contributed to a political power shift in the country as reflected in the reapportionment of congressional districts.
- The 1965 Immigration Act allowed more individuals from Asia, Africa and Latin America to enter the United States. The resulting immigration impacted the country’s demographic makeup. Hispanics became the fastest growing minority in the U.S. which led to an increase in Spanish language media and funding for bilingual education programs. As these new immigrants became citizens, their voting practices impacted the balance of power between the major political parties
Resource: The Growth of the Suburbs – and the Racial Wealth Gap
Resource: NEH, EDSITEment - Building Suburbia: Highways and Housing in Postwar America
Resource: Immigrant Voices
1950s newsreel about the building of suburbia in Levittown
Theme - The U.S. in the 1960s
31. Political debates focused on the extent of the role of government in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare and national security.
Resource: Teach Rock - THE PROTEST TRADITION
Resource: Earth Day 40th Anniversary Curriculum Unit
Resource: Enironmental Protection Agency
- The 1930s and early 1940s witnessed a great expansion in the role of the federal government in various policy areas. This expanded role continued to be the focus of political debates in the postwar period. For the economy, the debates were between those who favored a more activist role of the government to correct inequities and those who felt that the government should lessen its involvement and let the marketplace work. Public opinion on this issue was often influenced by the current state of the economy.
- The debate on the government’s role to protect the environment in the postwar period increased during this period due to research on the effects of pesticides, pollution and waste disposal, and concerns about conservation and global warming. Demands from environmentalists led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
- The government’s role on social welfare issues attracted intense debates, particularly relating to poverty, unemployment and national health insurance.
- The controversies surrounding the federal government’s role in protecting the country recurred during times of perceived threats. Fears concerning communist infiltration of the government during the 1940s and 1950s, and anti-war protests during the Vietnam Era, led to debates over national security.
Resource: Teach Rock - THE PROTEST TRADITION
Resource: Earth Day 40th Anniversary Curriculum Unit
Resource: Enironmental Protection Agency
The 1960s in America: Crash Course US History #40
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John Green teaches you about a time of relative tumult in the United States, the 1960s. America was changing rapidly in the 1960s, and rights movements were at the forefront of those changes. Civil Rights were dominant, but the 60s also saw growth in the Women's Movement, the LGBT rights movement, the Latino rights movement, and the American Indian movement. Also, Americans began to pay a bit more attention to the environment. All this change happened against the backdrop of the Cold War and the Rise of Conservatism. It was just wild. John will teach you about sit-ins, Freedom Rides, The March on Washington, MLK, JFK, LBJ, and NOW. Man, that is a lot of initialisms. And one acronym.
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History vs. Richard Nixon - Alex Gendler
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/history-vs-...
The president of the United States of America is often said to be one of the most powerful positions in the world. But of all the US presidents accused of abusing that power, only one has left office as a result. Does Richard Nixon deserve to be remembered for more than the scandal that ended his presidency? Alex Gendler puts this disgraced president’s legacy on trial.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, animation by Brett Underhill.
The president of the United States of America is often said to be one of the most powerful positions in the world. But of all the US presidents accused of abusing that power, only one has left office as a result. Does Richard Nixon deserve to be remembered for more than the scandal that ended his presidency? Alex Gendler puts this disgraced president’s legacy on trial.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, animation by Brett Underhill.
The Rise of Conservatism: Crash Course US History #41
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John Green teaches you about the rise of the conservative movement in United States politics. So, the sixties are often remembered for the liberal changes that the decade brought to America, but lest you forget, Richard Nixon was elected to the presidency during the sixties. The conservative movement didn't start with Nixon though. Modern conservatism really entered mainstream consciousness during the 1964 presidential contest between incumbent president and Kennedy torch-bearer Lyndon B Johnson, and Republican senator Barry Goldwater. While Goldwater never had a shot in the election, he used the campaign to talk about all kinds of conservative ideas. At the same time, several varying groups, including libertarian conservatives and moral conservatives, began to work together. Goldwater's trailblazing and coalition building would pay off in 1968 when Richard Nixon was elected to the White House, and politics changed forever when Nixon resigned over the Watergate scandal. You'll also learn about the ERA, , EPA, OSHA, the NTSB, and several other acronyms and initialisms.
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Clear Skies, Clean Air
Creator(s): General Services Administration. Office of Public Information. 1949- ? (Most Recent)
Series: Moving Images Relating to General Government Services, ca. 1971 - 1994
Record Group 269: General Records of the General Services Administration, 1922 - 1997
Production Date: ca. 1971
Scope & Content: This film illustrates the General Services Administration's internal use of a natural gas-powered automobile as a partial solution to the energy crisis.
National Archives Identifier: 2694749
Local Identifier: 269-2
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/2694749
Series: Moving Images Relating to General Government Services, ca. 1971 - 1994
Record Group 269: General Records of the General Services Administration, 1922 - 1997
Production Date: ca. 1971
Scope & Content: This film illustrates the General Services Administration's internal use of a natural gas-powered automobile as a partial solution to the energy crisis.
National Archives Identifier: 2694749
Local Identifier: 269-2
https://catalog.archives.gov/id/2694749
United States and
the Post-Cold War World
(1991-Present)
Theme - The Modern U.S.
32. Improved global communications, international trade, transnational business organizations, overseas competition and the shift from manufacturing to service industries have impacted the American economy.
- The American economy has been impacted by many influences since the early 1990s. Global communication has rapidly increased use of technologies such as the personal computer, Internet and mobile phone.
- Business organizations that operate internationally with production facilities in more than one country have grown exponentially. For example, an American automobile might have parts imported from several countries and be assembled in yet another country.
- Overseas competition has challenged American producers and local communities. The U.S. trade deficit has increased with the value of goods and services imported exceeding those that are exported. This has led to a decrease in manufacturing jobs and closing of plants. It also has contributed to a shift toward service industries and a growth in lower-paying jobs in fast food and sales
Ford, Carter, and the Economic Malaise: Crash Course US History #42
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John Green teaches you about the economic malaise that beset the United States in the 1970s. A sort of perfect storm of events, it combined the continuing decline of America's manufacturing base and the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979, and brought about an stagnant economy, paired with high inflation. Economists with a flair for neologisms and portamenteau words called this "stagflation," and it made people miserable. Two presidential administrations were scuttled at least in part by these economic woes; both Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter are considered failed presidents for many reasons, but largely because of an inability to improve the economy. (hint: In reality, no one person can materially change something as big as the world economy, even if they are president, but one person sure can make a handy scapegoat!) So, by and large, the 70s were a pretty terrible time in America economically, but at least the decade gave us Mr. Green.
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How The American Dream Went Wrong In Detroit
Detroit - Ain't too proud to beg: What happened to the previously booming industrial city of Detroit, and can it be saved?
Resource: USAID - Mobile Solution
Resource: MIT Technology Review - Are Smart Phones Spreading Faster than Any Technology in Human History?
Resource: Pew Research Center - Part 1: How the internet has woven itself into American life
Resource: The Aspen Institute - Global Consequences of Next-Generation Media
Resource: Business Insider - These 14 giant corporations dominate the global auto industry
Resource: Scaruffi.com - A Timeline of the Automobile Industry
Resource: Quandl - USA>Statistical Data>U.S. World Trade
Resource: DATA 360 - U.S. Trade Balance
Resource: Globalization 101 - The Trade Balance
Resource: MIT Technology Review - Are Smart Phones Spreading Faster than Any Technology in Human History?
Resource: Pew Research Center - Part 1: How the internet has woven itself into American life
Resource: The Aspen Institute - Global Consequences of Next-Generation Media
Resource: Business Insider - These 14 giant corporations dominate the global auto industry
Resource: Scaruffi.com - A Timeline of the Automobile Industry
Resource: Quandl - USA>Statistical Data>U.S. World Trade
Resource: DATA 360 - U.S. Trade Balance
Resource: Globalization 101 - The Trade Balance
The Reagan Revolution: Crash Course US History #43
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John Green teaches you about what is often called the Reagan Era. Mainly, it covers the eight years during which a former actor who had also been governor of the state of California was president of the United States. John will teach you about Reagan's election victory over the hapless Jimmy Carter, tax cuts, Reagan's Economic Bill of Rights, union busting, and the Iran-Contra among other things. Learn about Reagan's domestic and foreign policy initiatives, and even a little about Bonzo the Chimp.
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George HW Bush and the End of the Cold War: Crash Course US History #44
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John Green teaches you about the end of the Cold War and the presidency of George H.W. Bush. It was neither the best of times, nor the worst of times. On the domestic front, the first president Bush inherited the relative prosperity of the later Reagan years, and watched that prosperity evaporate. That was about all the interest Bush 41 had, domestically, so let's move to foreign policy, which was a bigger deal at this time. The biggie was the end of the Cold War, which is the title of the video, so you know it's important. The collapse of the Soviet Union was the biggest deal of Bush's term, and history has assigned the credit to Ronald Reagan. We give the guy a break, and say that he helped. He was certainly expert in foreign policy, having been and envoy to China, ambassador to the United Nations, and head of the CIA. Bush also oversaw the first Gulf War, which was something of a success, in that the primary mission was accomplished, and the vast majority of the troops were home in short order. It didn't do much to address some of the other problems in the region, but we'll get to that in the next few weeks. Along with all this, you'll learn about Bush's actions, or lack thereof, in Somalia and the Balkans, and you'll even be given an opportunity to read Bush's lips.
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The Clinton Years, or the 1990s: Crash Course US History #45
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John Green teaches you about the United States as it was in the 1990s. You'll remember from last week that the old-school Republican George H.W. Bush had lost the 1992 presidential election to a young upstart Democrat from Arkansas named Bill Clinton. Clinton was a bit of a dark horse candidate, having survived a sex scandal during the election, but a third party run by Ross Perot split the vote, and Clinton was inaugurated in 1993. John will teach you about Clinton's foreign policy agenda, which included NATO action in the Balkans and the Oslo Accords between Israel and the PLO. He'll also cover some of the domestic successes and failures of the Clinton years, including the failed attempt at healthcare reform, the pretty terrible record on GLBTQ issues, Welfare reform, which got mixed reviews, and the happier issues like the huge improvements in the economy. Also computers. Cheap, effective, readily available computers came along in the 1990s and they kind of changed the world, culminating in this video, which is the end of the internet. Until next week.
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33. The United States faced new political, national security and economic challenges in the post-Cold War world and following the attacks on September 11, 2001.
The post-Cold War period and the attacks on September 11, 2001, presented new challenges for the United States, including:
Economic challenges for the country included operating within a globalized economy. The country witnessed the change from the prosperity of the 1990s to the recession that began in 2007. Reductions in defense spending due to the end of the Cold War led to the loss of millions of U.S. jobs in defense plants.
The attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, presented national security challenges for the country. Debates over two wars (i.e., Iraq and Afghanistan) that were launched in response to the September 11 attacks, the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act and the detainment and torture of enemy combatants divided the country.
The post-Cold War period and the attacks on September 11, 2001, presented new challenges for the United States, including:
- Instability produced by the demise of balance-ofpower politics:
- Changing role of the United States in global politics (e.g., preemptive wars);
- Issues surrounding the control of nuclear weapons:
- Broadening of terrorism; and
- Dynamic of balancing national security with civil liberties.
Economic challenges for the country included operating within a globalized economy. The country witnessed the change from the prosperity of the 1990s to the recession that began in 2007. Reductions in defense spending due to the end of the Cold War led to the loss of millions of U.S. jobs in defense plants.
The attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, presented national security challenges for the country. Debates over two wars (i.e., Iraq and Afghanistan) that were launched in response to the September 11 attacks, the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act and the detainment and torture of enemy combatants divided the country.
Terrorism, War, and Bush 43: Crash Course US History #46
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John Green teaches you about the tumultuous 2000's in the United States of America, mainly the 2000's that coincide with the presidency of George W Bush. From the controversial election in 2000, to the events of 9/11 and Bush's prosecution of the War on Terror, the George W. Bush presidency was an eventful one. John will teach you about Bush's domestic policies like tax cutting, education reform, and he'll get into the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The event that came to pass during Bush's presidency are still very much effecting the United States and the world today, so listen up!
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America's post-9/11 foreign policy role
Becky Anderson talks to Paul Wolfowitz and Joseph Nye about American foreign policy after Sept. 11. More from CNN at http://www.cnn.com/
How the American people govern themselves at national, state and local levels of government is the basis for this course. Students can impact issues addressed by local governments through service learning and senior projects.
Resource: UNODA - Nuclear Weapons
Resource: Brookings - NATO, Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control
Resource: Brookings - 50 Facts About U.S. Nuclear Weapons Today
Resource: NCBI - Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Opportunities for Control and Abolition
Resource: Nuclear Files - Nuclear Arms Control Treaties
Resource: Washington Times - U.N. panel to frame guidelines on legality of pre-emptive strike
Resource: CFR- The Bush Administration's Doctrine of Preemption (and Prevention): When, How, Where?
Resource: BBC - Ethics Guide, Pre-emptive strikes
Resource: ThoughtCast - Alan Dershowitz on Preemption and the Hezbollah
Resource: U.S. National Counterterrorism Center
Resource: PBS, Frontline - Target America
Resource: UN - Text and Status of the United Nations Conventions on Terrorism
Resource: Red Cross - International humanitarian law and terrorism: questions and answers
Resource: Brookings - NATO, Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control
Resource: Brookings - 50 Facts About U.S. Nuclear Weapons Today
Resource: NCBI - Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Opportunities for Control and Abolition
Resource: Nuclear Files - Nuclear Arms Control Treaties
Resource: Washington Times - U.N. panel to frame guidelines on legality of pre-emptive strike
Resource: CFR- The Bush Administration's Doctrine of Preemption (and Prevention): When, How, Where?
Resource: BBC - Ethics Guide, Pre-emptive strikes
Resource: ThoughtCast - Alan Dershowitz on Preemption and the Hezbollah
Resource: U.S. National Counterterrorism Center
Resource: PBS, Frontline - Target America
Resource: UN - Text and Status of the United Nations Conventions on Terrorism
Resource: Red Cross - International humanitarian law and terrorism: questions and answers
Obamanation: Crash Course US History #47
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John Green teaches you about recent history. By which we mean VERY recent history. John covers the end of George W. Bush's administration presidency of Barack Obama (so far). Some people would say, "It's too soon to try to interpret the historical importance of such recent events!" To those people we answer, "You're right." Nonetheless, it's worthwhile to take a look at the American we live in right now as a way of looking back at how far we've come. Anyway, John will teach you about Obama's election, some of his policies like the Affordable Care Act, the 2009 stimulus, and the continuation of the war on terror. If you still can't reconcile a history course teaching such recent stuff, just think of this one as a current events episode.
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