'OHIO' - OHIO HISTORY
As an Ohio Native, and a proud Clevelander, I am very interested in the rich history of this great state. This page organizes the available resources found on Ohio. -KMN
State Flag
Ohio’s official flag was adopted by an act of the Ohio Legislature on May 9, 1902. The Ohio burgee, as the swallow-tailed design is properly called, was drawn by John Eisenmann, architect and designer for the Ohio State Pan-American Exposition Commission. The Ohio flag has three red and two white horizontal stripes. At its staff end, in a blue triangular field whose apex is at the center of the middle red stripe, are 17 white, five-pointed stars grouped around a red disc superimposed upon a white circular O.Mr. Eisenmann explained the Ohio flag’s symbolism most aptly: “The triangles formed by the main lines of the flag represent the hills and valleys as typified in the State Seal, and the stripes the roads and waterways. The stars, indicating the 13 original states of the Union, are grouped about the circle which represents the Northwest Territory; and that Ohio was the seventeenth state admitted into the Union is shown by adding four more stars. The white circle with its red center, not only represents the initial letter of Ohio, but is suggestive of it being the Buckeye State.”
State Seal
Since its creation in 1803, the Great Seal of the State of Ohio has gone through many changes. The current seal was officially standardized in 1967. In the foreground, a sheath of wheat represents Ohio’s agricultural strength. A bundle of 17 arrows and 17 rays around the sun symbolize that Ohio was the seventeenth state admitted into the Union. Mount Logan and the rising sun signify that Ohio was the first state west of the Allegheny Mountains.
State Motto“With God All Things Are Possible”
-became Ohio’s state motto on October 1, 1959. James Mastronardo, a 12-year-old boy, recommended this quotation from the Bible. Profile of Ohio
Ohio HistoryOhio Historical SocietyABOUT THE OHIO HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND THE OHIO HISTORY CENTER
Founded in 1885, the non-profit Ohio Historical Society provides a wide array of statewide services and programs related to collecting, preserving and interpreting Ohio’s history, archeology and natural history. The society has about 1.6 million items in its collections throughout its 58 sites and within its 250,000-square-feet Ohio History Center at 800 E 17th Ave. The Ohio History Connection
Mission: The Ohio History Connection's mission is to spark discovery of Ohio history! We help people connect with Ohio’s past to understand the present and create a better future.
Our Core Values Are:
What does the Ohio History Connection do?With over 180 staff members, hundreds of volunteers and thousands of partners in historical societies, local history groups and local and state government, the Ohio History Connection champions all Ohio history, including the 50+ historic sites in the Society's network throughout Ohio. www.ohiohistory.org 
@OhioHistory
As the Ohio History Connection we spark discovery of Ohio's stories. Embrace the present, share the past & transform the future. Explore our 50+ historic sites. 
Ohio History Connection on Flickr
View the Collections at: www.flickr.com/photos/ ohiohistory/collections/ Welcome to the Ohio History Center!Welcome to the Ohio History Center! With so many things to see and do, we wanted to share some helpful tips to help make the most of your visit.
Ohio History Center
800 E. 17th Ave. Columbus, OH 43211 Ohio History Connection - DigitizationOhio As AmericaIntroducing OHIO AS AMERICA – an exciting new online textbook with teaching tools that bring Ohio’s history to life like never before! Created for 4th grade history teachers by the Ohio History Connection OHIO AS AMERICA is an online portal to teaching resources and reference materials that provide a greatly enhanced, multi-dimensional look at the history of Ohio. OHIO AS AMERICA is a carefully compiled, online textbook that provides an accurate, up-to-date study of Ohio’s past in the most exciting format available today.
8TH GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT
Outline Designed for 8th grade U.S. history teachers by the Ohio History Connection, the Ohio as America 8th Grade Social Studies Supplement provides a multi-dimensional look at events in American history and Ohio’s role in and impact on the development of the United States. This teaching tool supplements existing U.S. history textbooks with online resources materials that will help students connect the broader narrative presented in Ohio’s new Learning Standards in Social Studies. textbook2.infohio.org Ohio History Sites:
The First 48 PioneersThe following men landed at the mouth of the Muskingum River 7 April 1788 and founded what is now the city of Marietta, Ohio
General Rufus Putnam, superintendent of the settlement and surveys Colonel Ebenezer Sproat Colonel R.J. Meigs (Arrived April 24, 1788) Major Anselm Tupper, surveyor Mr. John Mathews, surveyor Major Haffield White, steward and quarter master Captain Jonathan Devoll Captain Josiah Munroe Captain Daniel Davis Captain Jethro Putnam Captain William Gray Captain Ezekiel Cooper Peregrine Foster, Esq. Jarvis Cutler Samuel Cushing Oliver Dodge Isaac Dodge Samuel Felshaw Hezekiah Flint Hezekiah Flint, Jr. Amos Porter Josiah Whitridge John Gardner Benjamin Griswold Elizur Kirtland Theophilus Leonard Joseph Lincoln William Miller Jabez Barlow Daniel Bushnell Ebenezer Corey Phinehas Coburn Allen Putnam David Wallace Joseph Wells Gilbert Devoll, Jr. Israel Danton Jonas Davis Earl Sproat Josiah White Allen Devoll Henry Maxon William Maxon William Moulton Edmond Moulton Simeon Martin Benjamin Shaw Peletiah White Opening The Door West
This feature length historical documentary is the story of the Ohio Company of Associates, a group of Revolutionary War officers and soldiers, and how, in 1788, they first opened the door for westward expansion of the new United States. At Marietta, Ohio, they began the first legal, organized American settlement in the old Northwest Territory.
www.openingthedoorwest.com Ohio: 200 YearsWVIZ - PBS: Ohio represents us all. In its dramatic history and astonishing diversity, Ohio closely replicates the vast, complicated, and turbulent place called America. The film offers a snapshot of the state's colorful history along with insights into the Ohio of today: a mix of odd, funny moments and life-changing events.
Local History
Since its founding in 1960, the Ohio Local History Alliance (Alliance) has worked closely with the Ohio History Connection (OHC). Both organizations share a common goal to encourage the preservation and the presentation of Ohio’s heritage. Although separate organizations, they are joined by this common purpose and by the belief that through collaboration the two groups can be effective in meeting their goals. The staff of the OHC Local History Office administers and coordinates all Alliance programs. The Alliance, through its twenty-three person board of trustees, provides direction and oversight for those programs. The Alliance’s board also serves as the nucleus of a network of organizations and individuals interested in all aspects of community history in Ohio.
www.ohiolha.org Local History Projects (NEO):
Ohio TourismOhio's new slogan & logo
@DiscoverOhio
The official twitter account for the State of Ohio Tourism office. Follow us for ideas on great things to see and do in Ohio TourismOhio
TourismOhio strives to make Ohio a destination of choice, enriching lives through authentic travel experiences. TourismOhio aggressively positions Ohio as relevant travel destination and supports Ohio’s tourism industry to drive economic prosperity throughout the state. Tourism marketing programs helped generate 200 million visits to Ohio and $40 billion in sales in 2014.
Free PublicationsTouring Ohio
Touring Ohio
Ohio adventures, special itineraries and dramatic historical events that shaped America. African Americans in Ohio
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center
50 East Freedom Way Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Phone: 513.333.7500 Toll Free: 877.648.4838 About the National Underground Railroad Freedom CenterNational Underground Railroad Freedom Center: We reveal stories about freedom's heroes, from the era of the Underground Railroad to contemporary times, challenging and inspiring everyone to take courageous steps for freedom today. freedomcenter.org
County Historical Societies:Ashtabula County
Lake County
Lorain County
Geauga County
Trumbull County
Mahoning County
Portage County
Summit County
Medina County
Ashland County
Wayne County
Stark County
Carroll County
Tuscarwaras County
Ohio Lands
Resource: The Evolution of Ohio
Resource: ODNR - Original Land Subdivisions of Ohio Resource: ODNR - Geology Educational Resources Map of the Connecticut Western Reserve in Ohio
The Connecticut Western Reserve was an area in the Northwest Territory held, sold and distributed by the State of Connecticut in the years after the American Revolution.
Connecticut was one of several states that had land claims in the Ohio Country going back to the colonial period. Connecticut gave up most of its claims to the federal government so that the Northwest Territory could be created. However, it reserved the northeast corner of the territory for itself. This area came to be known as the Connecticut Western Reserve. The Western Reserve had two parts. The western part of the region was known as the Fire Lands. The state gave plots of land in this area to people who had lost their property in the American Revolution. The Connecticut government sold the eastern portion of the reserve to the Connecticut Land Company in 1795. The $1.2 million earned through the land sale was spent on public education in the state of Connecticut. The Connecticut Land Company sent General Moses Cleaveland to survey the territory and lay out townships. In federal surveys such as the Seven Ranges, townships were 36 square miles. Cleaveland created townships of 25 square miles. One of the earliest towns established in this region was named Cleveland in his honor. Many people moved into the Western Reserve because it was accessible from Lake Erie. In the early years of settlement, many people from New England came to the Western Reserve. Settlers in the western part of the reserve faced struggles with Native Americans over ownership of the land. The westernmost part of the Fire Lands had been granted to Native Americans as part of the Treaty of Greeneville of 1795. As the population increased, Ohio Indians were forced from the region. Western Reserve Historical Society
Founded in May 1867, the Western Reserve Historical Society is Cleveland’s oldest existing cultural institution. It was established as the historical branch of the Cleveland Library Association which dated from 1848. The Society’s creation was part of an important trend in the United States, the establishment of private organizations to oversee the collection and preservation of documents and objects relating to various aspects of national, regional and local history. While its original focus was on the history of “…Cleveland and the Western Reserve, and generally what relates to the history of Ohio and the Great West,” it now concentrates on the history of Northeast Ohio.
What is the Western Reserve?
Northeastern Ohio’s cultural roots begin with the native American populations who first inhabited the area some 10,000 years ago. In 1662 the area became part of the colony of Connecticut whose royal charter granted it a swath of land extending across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. After the formation of the United States, Connecticut ceded most of its western lands to the national government but exempted approximately 3,400,000 acres lying north of latitude 41 degrees and extending 120 miles westward from the Pennsylvania border. This became its Western Reserve. In 1795 it sold most of this land to a group of investors who had formed the Connecticut Land Company and in the following year the company began the survey of the land to prepare it for sale. The survey party was led by Moses Cleaveland, the namesake of Cleveland, Ohio. 
Western Reserve Public Media
1750 W. Campus Center Drive; Kent, OH 44240-3820
800 Mc Kinley Monument Dr NW, Canton, OH 44708
Welcome to The McKinley Presidential Library & Museum
This hands-on interactive science center, Presidential museum and historical library takes visitors on a scientific journey through the past, present and future. Teacher Resources:
www.massillonmuseum.org/educators-resources
Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens
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Ohio GovernmentOhio ConstitutionThe Ohio Constitution of 1851 sets the framework for state government and provides rights for the people of Ohio. With numerous later amendments, the 1851/1912 Constitution remains the basic law of the state. It has one of the shortest preambles of any state constitution:
We, the people of the State of Ohio, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, to secure its blessings and promote our general welfare, do establish this Constitution. Click Here: website Click Here: PDF COMPARING THE CONSTITUTIONS OF OHIO AND THE UNITED STATES
Executive BranchJudicial BranchLegislative Branch
Executive BranchGovernor Mike DeWine
Mike DeWine’s story is a true Ohio story. Raised in Yellow Springs, Ohio, Mike DeWine and Fran (Struewing) met in the first grade and married while students at Miami University. They’ve been blessed with eight children and 24 grandchildren. Family is at the core of everything Mike DeWine does, and that’s why he has devoted his life to fighting for Ohio’s families. He knows when families are strong, Ohio communities are stronger, and our future is bright. 
Judicial BranchOhio Trial Courts & Local Rules
Rule 5 of the Rules of Superintendence for Ohio Courts requires each court to file with the Clerk of the Supreme Court a current copy of its local rules of court or a letter certifying that no changes have been made to the most recently submitted rules by Feb. 1 of each year. Ohio Courts of Appeals
The courts of appeals are established by Article IV, Section 1 of the Ohio Constitution, and their jurisdiction is outlined in Article IV, Section 3. As intermediate level appellate courts, their primary function is to hear appeals from the common pleas, municipal and county courts. Each case is heard and decided by a three-judge panel. The state is divided into twelve appellate districts by Article IV, section 3 of the Ohio Constitution and section 2501.01 of the Revised Code. Each district is served by a court of appeals that sits in each of the counties in that district. The number of judges in each district depends on a variety of factors, including the court's caseload and the size of the district. The number of judges in each district varies from four to twelve. 
Justices of the Supreme Court of Ohio
Chief Justice Maureen O'Connor
Justice Sharon L. Kennedy Justice Judith L. French Justice Patrick F. Fischer Justice R. Patrick DeWine Justice Michael P. Donnelly Justice Melody J. Stewart The Supreme Court of Ohio is established by Article IV, Section 1, of the Ohio Constitution. Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution sets the size of the Court at seven - a chief justice and six justices - and outlines the jurisdiction of the Court. The chief justice and six justices are elected to six-year terms on a nonpartisan ballot. Two justices are chosen at the general election in even-numbered years. In the year when the chief justice runs, voters pick three members of the Court. A person must be an attorney with at least six years of experience in the practice of law to be elected or appointed to the Court. Appointments are made by the governor for vacancies that occur between elections. Going to Court, Ohio BarFollow Matt as he discovers how our court system works
Legislative Branch
The Legislative ProcessBelow is a flow chart demonstrating how a bill becomes a law, taken from the A Guidebook for Ohio Legislators published by the Legislative Service Commission . For additional, more indepth information on this topic, please refer to the Guidebook.
Ohio Congressional Districts
Ohio State AgenciesMany statewide agencies, boards and commissions oversee the day-to-day work of state government. This overview briefly describes some notable state agencies. You can read more information about other Ohio state departments, boards and commissions in the Official Roster of Ohio Officers, available at Historical Documents.
The Adjutant General is the administrative head of the state’s military forces (The governor is the commander-in-chief). This department is responsible for administering the organized militia, consisting of the Ohio Army National Guard, Air National Guard, Military Reserve and Naval Militia.
The Department of Administrative Services provides centralized services to state agencies by helping to procure goods and services, recruit and train personnel, and by providing a variety of other services.
The Department of Aging serves more than two million older Ohioans. The department’s programs help mature adults live active, healthy and independent lives.
The Department of Agriculture is responsible for enforcing laws and regulations pertinent to crop and livestock production in the state. Also, the department oversees production of beverages, drugs, cosmetics, meat, and the organization of county and independent fairs.
The Board of Regents, a nine-member advisory board to the Chancellor with two ex-officio representatives from the state legislature, was created in 1963 by the General Assembly. The Chancellor is charged with building a system of higher education designed to prepare all Ohioans for the 21st Century and rival the nation in accountability and innovation.
The Department of Commerce is one of the state’s main regulatory agencies. The department enforces regulations for industries ranging from financial institutions to travel agencies.
The Department of Development oversees programs designed to attract new businesses to Ohio, retain current businesses, help small businesses grow, and promote travel and tourism in the Buckeye State.
The Environmental Protection Agency protects the Ohio environment and public health by ensuring compliance with environmental laws and demonstrating environmental stewardship.
The Department of Education oversees Ohio's public education system. The State Board of Education governs the department.
The Department of Health is responsible for protecting and improving the health of all Ohioans, and assists local health departments to deliver basic public health services at the community level.
The Department of Job and Family Services provides financial and medical assistance and social service programs for Ohioans. The department’s goal is to help Ohioans be healthy and safe, while gaining and maintaining employment and independence.
The Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services provides high-quality mental health and abuse prevention services. The department oversees nearly 500 service providers, 400 mental health agencies and six state hospitals.
The Department of Developmental Disabilities oversees a statewide system of support and services for people with developmental disabilities and their families.
The Department of Natural Resources owns and manages more than 590,000 acres of land, including state parks, forests, nature preserves and wildlife areas. The department also has jurisdiction over more than 120,000 acres of inland waters. ODNR also licenses all hunting, fishing, and watercraft in the state, oversees and permits all mineral extraction, monitors dam safety, and promotes recycling.
The Department of Public Safety works to save lives, reduce injuries and economic loss, administer Ohio’s motor vehicle laws, and preserve the safety and well-being of all citizens. The department includes the Emergency Management Agency, Emergency Medical Services, Criminal Justice Services, Homeland Security, State Highway Patrol and Investigative Unit, and the Bureau of Motor Vehicles.
The Department of Rehabilitation and Correction administers and operates the institutional and community-related phases of Ohio’s adult correctional system.
The Department of Taxation makes all tax assessments, valuations, determinations, computations and orders related to taxes.
The Department of Transportation is charged with providing a world-class transportation system linking Ohio to a global economy by maintaining, building and regulating the state’s highways, bridges and railways.
The Department of Youth Services is the juvenile corrections system for the state. Felony offenders under age 21 are engaged in programming designed to address their criminological and behavioral needs.
Ohio Historical Elections
Ohio Presidents
9. William Henry Harrison, an American military officer and politician, was the ninth President of the United States (1841), the oldest President to be elected at the time. On his 32nd day, he became the first to die in office, serving the shortest tenure in U.S. Presidential history.
Resource: UVA - Miller Center, Presidential Speech Archive
Resource: C-SPAN - American President Life Portraits Resource: LoC - A Resource Guide Resource: NPS - William Henery Harrison Historic Site Resource: Shaphell- Announcement of Impending Death 
18. Ulysses S. Grant In 1865, as commanding general, Ulysses S. Grant led the Union Armies to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. As an American hero, Grant was later elected the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877), working to implement Congressional Reconstruction and to remove the vestiges of slavery.
Resource: Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library
Resource: UVA - Miller Center, Presidential Speech Archive Resource: C-SPAN - American President Life Portraits Resource: LoC - A Resource Guide Resource: NPS - Ulysses S. Grant Historic Site Resource: NPS - General Grant National Memorial 
19. Rutherford B. Hayes As the 19th President of the United States (1877-1881), Rutherford B. Hayes oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War.
Resource: The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center
Resource: UVA - Miller Center, Presidential Speech Archive Resource: C-SPAN - American President Life Portraits Resource: LoC - A Resource Guide Resource: NPS - Spiegel Grove Presidential Center 
20. James A. Garfield was elected as the United States' 20th President in 1881, after nine terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. His Presidency was impactful, but cut short after 200 days when he was assassinated.
Resource: UVA - Miller Center, Presidential Speech Archive
Resource: C-SPAN - American President Life Portraits Resource: LoC - A Resource Guide Resource: NPS - James A. Garfield Historic Site Resource: James A. Garfield Monument Resource: C-SPAN - Interview with Kenneth Ackerman on Dark Horse: The Surprise Election and Political Murder of President James A. Garfield, Booknotes (July 27, 2003) 
23. Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd President of the United States from 1889 to 1893, elected after conducting one of the first "front-porch" campaigns by delivering short speeches to delegations that visited him in Indianapolis.
Resource: Benjamin Harrison Presidental Site
Resource: UVA - Miller Center, Presidential Speech Archive Resource: C-SPAN - American President Life Portraits Resource: LoC - A Resource Guide Resource: MSU Libraries G. Robert Vincent Voice Library Resource: NPS - Benjamin Harrison Historic Site 
25. William McKinley was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination on September 14, 1901, after leading the nation to victory in the Spanish-American War and raising protective tariffs to promote American industry.
Resource: RAMSAYER RESEARCH LIBRARY
Resource: William McKinley, Presidential Library & Museum Resource: UVA - Miller Center, Presidential Speech Archive Resource: LoC - A Resource Guide Resource: McKinley Assissination Resource: NPS - McKinley Tomb Resource: C-SPAN - American President Life Portraits 
27. William Howard Taft was elected the 27th President of the United States (1909-1913) and later became the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921-1930), the only person to have served in both of these offices.
Resource: UVA - Miller Center, Presidential Speech Archive
Resource: C-SPAN - American President Life Portraits Resource: LoC - A Resource Guide Resource: MSU Libraries G. Robert Vincent Voice Library Resource: NPS - William Howard Taft National Historic Site Resource: NPS - Lesson, Growing into Public Service 
29. Warren G. Harding, an Ohio Republican, was the 29th President of the United States (1921-1923). Though his term in office was fraught with scandal, including Teapot Dome, Harding embraced technology and was sensitive to the plights of minorities and women.
Resource: UVA - Miller Center, Presidential Speech Archive
Resource: C-SPAN - American President Life Portraits Resource: LoC - A Resource Guide Resource: NPS - Warren G. Harding Historic Site Resource: LOC Film - President Harding and Calvin Coolidge Famous People Born in OhioList from biography.com:
Bobby Knight (1940–)
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